Banerjee et al. [18] observed that the sprayed liquid droplet tends to flatten out into a disk on impact with substrate surface and the geometry of the disk depends mainly on the momentum and volume of the droplet and also on the substrate temperature.
The thin film formation is a resultant of the following processes:
i) spreading of the sprayed droplets on the surface of the hot substrate into disks ii) pyrolytic reaction between the decomposed reactants iii) evaporation of the solvent iv) repetition of the proceeding processes with succeeding droplets.
The process parameters such as concentration of the precursor solution, type of solvent, doping material, spray nozzle geometry, flow rate of carrier gas and solution, velocities of sprayed droplets, nature and temperature of the substrate, kinetics and thermodynamics of the pyrolytic reaction mainly determine the properties of the spray deposited films.
3.4.2. Advantages of spray pyrolysis technique over other techniques Spray pyrolysis is one of the simple and cost effective techniques suitable for commercial and mass production of thin film coatings [19]. It is a fast coating process easily applicable for large area depositions at atmospheric conditions. In addition to the inexpensive and simple experimental arrangement, this method has several
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These include precursor solution atomization, droplet transport and evaporation, spreading on the substrate, drying and decomposition of the precursor salt. Understanding these processes will help to improve film quality. Thin film deposition using spray pyrolysis can be divided into three main steps: atomization of the precursor solution, transportation of the resultant aerosol and decomposition of the precursor on the substrate.
a) Atomization of precursor
must always follow the surface coating rules and guidelines that has to formulated on a basis of
The SEM micrographs (Figures 3-16 (b) and (c)) show clearly that the deposited materials smear on the flank face and the thin adhered layer has the appearance of spread butter.
Abstract: The purpose of this project is to measure if differing amounts of potassium perchlorate, KCIO4, mixed with shotgun powder has an effect on burn rate. The experiment was videotaped and the duration of burn time for each amount used was recorded. KClO4, amounts ranging from .2g to 2g, were added to 4g of shotgun powder. A steel pipe that is ½ inch wide and 6 inch, which is welded vertically to a steel plate base was used for confinement. Ignition occurred from the top down. The hypothesis that was accepted is that the concentration of KClO4 will accelerate the burn rate of smokeless flake powder.
In the lab we filled the first beaker up with water. Then we took a pipet (filled with the liquid) and dropped water droplets onto the
14) Let the crystals of the silver settle in the plastic container and decant off the liquid.
The purpose of this lab report is to synthesize luminol and then test its chemiluminescent properties. 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophtalazine-1,4-dione was reduced using sodium hydrosulfite in a solution of 3 M sodium hydroxide in water to form luminol. The product was then used to chemically generate light by reacting luminol with 3 M sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium ferricyanide. The reaction created a bright, blue light emission. From glow sticks to revealing remnants of blood samples in crime scene investigations, luminol, C8H7N3O2, has a wide variety of real world applications.
If coatings do not penetrate or adhere to the surface well, water can permeate through the coating and cause displacement, further causing corrosion. Factors to prevent this from occurring include reducing the surface tension, viscosity and solvent blend of the coating, and increasing the application temperature and curing time. Coatings are only considered to be a primary defence, and it is therefore recommended to be used alongside another corrosion defence mechanism.
The tearing of the paper towel into strips; The absorption of the liquid into the paper towel strips (experiment k).
The mixture was cooled down to room temperature and transferred to a separatory funnel where it was washed with four portions of 50 mL of water.
4.1 Materials ITO Coated PET Film Description: ITO-M008. Width: 406mm. Thickness: 0.125mm. 35±5 ohm/sq.
Have you ever wondered why your cereal clusters together after milk is poured or why it sticks to the side of your bowl? Even if you try to pull them apart, they come together again. This is a spectacle that happens every day but we just don’t really notice it. Most people don’t really realize that it’s happening everyday. Using fluid mechanics, we can determine why floating objects come together due to surface tension, viscosity and buoyancy (Grayson, 2014).
The aim of this experiment was to measure the angle between a metal surface and a liquid droplet using a CCD camera and optics. This experiment also investigated how metal surfaces coated with single-molecule layers of functionalized alkanethiols and alkanethiols alter the wetting behavior and metal surface energy.
Depending on the polarity of the components of the mixture, different compounds will travel different distances up the plate. More polar compounds will "stick" to the
When these droplets settle to the ground, usually they are spread over a wide area, minimizing their effect. (Environmental Impact of Aviation Operations, 2005)
When you pour oil into the water the oil separates from the water as bubbles and floats to the top and looks like a film on top of the water.