Spinal Anesthesia Essay

1. It is important that we take into consideration, areas other than physical pain and have an holistic approach. Pain is whatever the person who is suffering it feels it to be. Physical pain can be experienced as a result of disease or injury, or some other form of bodily distress. For example childbirth. Although not associated with injury or disease, but can be an extremely painful experience. Pain can also be social, emotional and spiritual as well as just physical.

Pain not only involves the physical reaction to damaged tissue, but also involves an emotional and cognitive response by the person experiencing the pain (Backer, 1994). A person's prior experience will influence how pain is managed. Pain is a signal that something is not

Pain: one of the most crippling emotions that the human can experience. Pain is caused in many ways. There is emotional pain and physical pain. The soldiers of the Vietnam War felt both of these types of pain during their one

Spinal anesthesia is usually done to numb your body from the level of the injection downward. It is often used during surgeries of the pelvis, hips, legs, and lower abdomen. It begins working almost immediately after the injection.

A stereotaxic apparatus was used to hold the subject in position throughout the surgery. Anesthetic delivery system. We used a SurgiVet, Model 100 precision vaporizer for isoflurane with a concentration of 4%. This anesthetic delivery system also included a portable “E” Oxygen tank set 50 PSI of pressure delivered to the anesthesia machines with an O2 flowmeter built into the tank. 6-OHDA was used to lesion dopamine containing neurons in the sustantia

Discussion: The onset of sensory and motor block was faster and time taken to attain complete sensory and motor block to occur was shorter in the nalbuphine group as compared to bupivacaine group. Postoperative regression of both sensory and motor block was significantly slower in group N than in group B and the first rescue analgesic requirement in group N was significantly late than in group B. 0.8mg intrathecal nalbuphine as an adjunct to spinal bupivacaine prolongs the postoperative analgesia with minimal side effects and with desirable sedation intraoperatively which helps in taking care of psychological impact of operation theatre environment. Rawal et al found that nalbuphine was the least irritating to neural tissue even when used in large doses and was associated with minor behavioral and EEG changes

The claim originates from a point where the plaintiff, Ilene Perin, had received a cervical fusion from Robert Hayne, the defendant. Inasmuch as the fusion was a success, Perin claimed that her vocal cord was paralyzed after the surgery where an injury was inflicted on her laryngeal nerve. However, the plaintiff agreed that there was a significant reduction of pain, numbness and an overall feeling of weakness on their back, which was initially caused by two protruding cervical discs. Notably, the voice of the plaintiff changed to horse whisper after the surgery. In addition, the plaintiff founded her claim on four legal theories namely: specific negligence, express warranty, res ipsa loquitur and battery/trespass. Moreover, the defendant’s motion was sustained by the trial court on the basis that the evidence was generally insufficient to facilitate any substantial consideration by the jury according to the proposed theories. On the other hand, the plaintiff asserted that the court ruling was erroneous hence the need to review the basis of the plea in the application of law and the evidence presented for the case.

Pain is described by Siddall as, “an unpleasant sensory and/or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms

In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of continuous spinal anesthesia using Spinocath versus continuous epidural anesthesia in high-risk elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic lower limb surgeries. One of the finding of the present study is that the performance time of CEA was significantly shorter than that of CSA; there was greater difficulty in catheter introduction and subsequent extraction of the introducing needle in the CSA group. This finding is not consistent with the findings from other studies done by Sutter and colleagues [10], Klimscha and colleagues [11], as well as Parthasarathy and Ravishankar [12]. this because in CSA group of these studies the Tuohy needle was advanced directly until cerebrospinal fluid

‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ (International association for the study of pain 2014). Pain can be made up of complex and subjective experiences. The experience of pain is highly personal and private, and can not be directly observed or measured from one person to the next (Mac Lellan 2006). According to the agency for health care policy and research 1992, an individuals self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator of its presence. This is also supported by Mc Caffery’s definition in 1972, when he said ‘Pain is whatever the experiencing patient says it is, existing whenever he says it does’.

There is general, regional and local anesthesia. In general anesthesia, one is unconscious and has no awareness or other feelings. There are a number of general anesthetic drugs such as gases or vapors inhaled through a breathing mask or tube and medications introduced through an IV. In regional anesthesia, the anesthesiologist makes and injection near a cluster of nerves to numb the area of the body that requires surgery. The patient may stay awake, or may be given a sedative, either way they do not see or feel the actual surgery taking place. There are several kinds of regional anesthetics. The two most common are spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. In local anesthesia, the anesthetic drug is usually injected into the tissue to numb just the specific location of the body requiring minor surgery. No matter what anesthetic is received the patient will not have feeling during the surgery.

Typically, addition anesthetic differs from acceptable anesthetic in that addition anesthetic is earlier and what we ability alarm anarchistic or non-Western medicine. Addition anesthetic does not chase the acceptable science and analysis that accepted medicines undergo. Addition anesthetic could aswell be termed commutual or acceptable anesthetic or the therapies that can be chip into accepted medicine. The agents of the National Library of Anesthetic of the United States classified addition anesthetic beneath the class of commutual therapies in their Medical Subjects Heading Section. This was done in the year 2002. The analogue provided was that addition anesthetic ameliorative practices were not advised as an basic allotment of the acceptable

Trends in anesthesia practice have evolved over the past 20 years. In 2007, the most frequent types of neurosurgical procedures were spinal fusion, endovascular spinal procedures, craniotomies for tumor pathology; craniotomies not associated with tumor pathology, and intracranial endovascular procedures (Alacon, Larios, & Bergese, 2015). Like other areas of medicine, neurosurgery is also moving towards minimally invasive procedures, and there is current evidence of a 32% growth in intracranial endovascular procedures in 2013 (Alacon et al., 2015).

Background: Continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) is a very reliable method for providing effective anesthesia and offers considerable advantages over “single shot” spinal or epidural anesthesia since it provides the performance of well-controlled anesthesia using small doses of local anesthetics and a definite end point with less failure rate.

There are many different types of pain which can be categorised depending on how the pain is caused and how long the pain lasts. If pain results from tissue damage then it is called nociceptive pain and this includes pain from pressure applied outside of the body, like a cut or a burn, or from pressure inside the body such as a tumour. Another type of pain is neuropathic pain which is pain experienced when there is damage to