Advantages Of Cross Sectional Studies

I plan to conduct an unbiased questionnaire within the chosen population of retail. I will explain the survey and what I am conducting the research for. I will allow possible participants to ask questions if needed for more clarification. After giving informed consent, I will accept all willing participants to answer a paper questionnaire without any input from me.

“Research in health and social care usually relies on obtaining information from individuals using social research methodologies”. (Whitehouse, M, 2010:428). Questionnaires are suitable for obtaining important information from many individuals in a survey who are answering the questions this is known as ‘respondents’. Questionnaires gives us the opportunity to ask questions of participants but also allows answers to be given according to the options constructed by the researcher using a response frame. A response frame allows a limited choice of different responses. Also there are self-completion questions this allows respondents to fill in the answers themselves. The questionnaire may be delivered to individuals directly by hand or by post or even online the researcher may contact through an email address. They may be asked to complete a customer satisfaction questionnaire. For example at college we are sent online questionnaires through are student email, questionnaires

As noted in the table above, principal surveys will be conducted and used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of the teacher exit slip interview can be found in Appendix A. A sample of the Principal survey can be found in Appendix B. A sample of the Administrator interview questions can be found in Appendix C. In the next section, the method of collecting these data is described in detail.

With researching many articles regarding chronic pain management, the quantitative work yielded extraordinary results, leaving it at the top of the evidence hierarchy. This well generalizable, exploratory, non-experimental, retrospective cross-sectional paper states the problem is that “prescription drug overdoses are the leading cause of accidental death in the United States (Reimann, Welty, & Solomon, 2017 p.160).” The author then goes into further detail to explain how opioids have killed more than 28,000 people in 2014 which is backed by the reputable Centers for Disease Control. The purpose of the study was clearly and concisely noted to “gather [information] about the use of cannabis as a substitute for opioid and nonopioid based pain

Although the class has not had input into the methodology used to collect the data for this report it is still important for us to know why these methods were used. Questionnaires can be useful in order to get opinions and views from a large groups of people (McLeod 2014), such like conditions for the research for this reports. This can be useful as this can be an easier way of targeting a larger audience other than in interview purposes. This will also be more time consuming as everyone is answering the same questions.

This section will provide the rationale of the methods employed and highlight how the study will be performed. The study will examine the population with the sample size identified, data collection method and its analysis will be offered.

What kind of result was found by the research design? Compare the effectiveness of the survey research to the other subordinate data, experimentation or observation in the perspective of gathering information for this project.

The questionnaire possess nine close ended type of questions which apply varied forms of scales / data types as well as one open ended type of question. Among these nine question (close ended) strive in collating information concerning customers in addition to overall perception / preference over the specific product with both specific / close ended choices for ensuring objective / quantifiable manner of measurement

The survey is the most familiar and ever-present method used to collect demographic information, feelings, and opinions, and to learn about a defined population (Graziano & Raulin, 2010). Also, use of a web-based survey will allow for immediate distribution of data (Greenlaw & Brown-Welty, 2009). In addition, to get a feel for the type of question to best use on the questionnaire, a focus group will also be used. Questions will on the survey will be related to the following information needed, i.e., 1)

Human development research seeks to understand age-related differences. Cross-sectional studies assess a number of people at one point in time, which allows us to compare age characteristics or particular age groups. This allows us to compare characteristics of particular age groups. When evaluating cross-sectional studies, one must look out for cohort effects, differences not attributable to age but to the particular time period in which the individual lived. This confounding effect obscures any relationship between age and experiences that might contribute to an understanding of development. Longitudinal studies, in contrast, are far more reliable and can be used to support definitive studies. “Longitudinal studies assess the same participants

The students were mailed the survey, a cover letter a consent form. They were given 9 days to do the survey. The students that did not complete the survey were contacted and they did the survey on the telephone. 143 completed the mail survey and 43 completed the telephone survey. The total usable rate was 92%.

By surveying students at different randomly selected buildings at various times of the day, we collected a diverse sampling of the UNG-Dahlonega student population. To avoid bias as much as possible the buildings and who surveyed at them were all chosen via random number generator, . Each building on the Dahlonega campus, represented by the campus map available on the UNG

Generally this process can take up to a few days of observation to identify and tabulate the findings. Drawbacks of this method, can include the Hawthorne effect, extended periods of time and the need to be physically present at the location.

The strength of questionnaires is it can give an insight into respondent’s thoughts and opinions and also cost efficient as it is inexpensive.

In survey method research, participants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend.