Kingston University London AE 5021 Aerospace Engineering Design and Project Management Aircraft Review Module Leader: Prof. Jian Wang Assignment set by: P.E. Barrington Student Name and KU ID: Ali Bafakih……………….. K1313927 Contents: Introduction: The aviation sector is growing rapidly and it makes a lot of money, as shown in the figure 1, the aviation sector grows about 5% to 6.5% yearly. The figure also shows that aviation sector will continue growing for the next 30 years almost at same level. In 1994, the aviation sector provided 24 million jobs globally and financially provided $1,140 billion in annual gross output (Lee, September 2000). The companies operating aircrafts look for aircrafts with highest performance to make the best profit. The key performance for that is the fuel consumption per passenger kilometre. Figure 2 shows that from 1960 to 2008 the fuel consumed per passenger kilometre has been reduced almost to half, almost 27000 new commercial jet aircraft sold since 1950s (Daniel Rutherford, Mazyar Zeinali, November 2009). So, this report will identify the technology that made this improvements for the fuel consumption in the past 100 years and what the new technology for the next 25 years. Figure 1: Various Air Traffic Growth Forecasts Figure 2: Average Fuel Burn per Aircraft Improvements history: Since 1960, long and intensive analysis for aircraft fuel consumption has been done, the list of improvements and it percentages have been
Technological developments have both created new opportunities as well as threats for the aviation industry.
In the technological risk was that is the customers were involved in design and development of the Boeing 767, they would gain from much greater involution and feedback from users of the aircraft. In the very new airplanes they are first to tested then to implement the designed. These tested approved the safety test in the laboratories and too much used of computer they are useful in techniques. For the last project they learnt many of lessons which are not used in the 767 product airline. This airline is much better than the competition promotes.
Boeing occupied 57% of the world’s existing fleet in 1992 where one-third of total revenues came from military aircraft and remaining two-third came from commercial aircraft. By the end of 1992, Boeing had delivered total 7183 commercial aircraft into the global aviation market. These included 59% of short-to-medium range aircrafts (727 & 737), 27.7% of medium-to-long range aircrafts (707,757 & 767) and 13.3% of long range aircrafts (747).
The aviation industry of any nation acts as a contributor to its economic growth, helps in globalisation and creating an international image. It is the best in terms of the fastest, safest and convenient mode of travel. Even though it is an expensive one, it is expanding its markets across the middle-class who are ready to spent money on leisure trips. Thus it is truly stated that aviation forms a vital core infrastructure area without which a country economy is handicapped.
A _______________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
The aviation industry of any nation acts as a contributor to its economic growth, helps in globalisation and creating an international image. It is the best in terms of the fastest, safest and convenient mode of travel. Even though it is an expensive one, it is expanding its markets across the middle-class who are ready to spent money on leisure trips. Thus it is truly stated that aviation forms a vital core infrastructure area without which a country economy is handicapped.
The Brisbane Airport is located 14 kilometers north east of the Brisbane central business district. As much as 27 airlines fly from the airport in 43 different national and 39 international destinations. The Brisbane airport is making some modifications in the Brisbane airport by introducing a new parallel runway to ease up the traffic of airplanes. This will help to reduce the delays in the flights both arriving and departing from the airport. This project was started in the year 2014 and is expected to be completed in the year 2020. The new parallel runway (NPR) will be 3.3 kilometers and 60 meters wide. It will be located 2 km west of and parallel to the existing runway. The investment of the project is 1.35 billion dollars. More than 12 km of taxiways will be there which will help the flights to leave the runways at higher speeds in traffic conditions. (BNE, 2015)
After five years under wraps, the future of commercial aviation is about to make its worldwide debut.
The next-generation of aircraft, including the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Airbus A350 and Bombardier C Series, are 20% more fuel efficient per passenger kilometer than current generation aircraft. This is primarily achieved through more fuel-efficient engines and lighter airframes and supporting structures made of composite materials but is also achieved through more aerodynamic shapes, winglets, a "one-piece" fuselage and more advanced computer systems for optimizing routes and loading of the aircraft.
There are five processes associated with project management and they are project initiation, project planning, project execution, project monitoring, and project closure. Gary Allison was selected by Henry Larsen as the project manager for the Orion Project. This was Gary’s first time serving as a project manager. Gary had no prior experience as a project manager. Because of Gary’s inexperience as a project manager he failed in most of the project processes. During the planning phase Gary failed to involve all the stakeholders in the planning for example he did not involve the production team. Establishing a communication plan between all stakeholders is very important to ensuring that a project is successful. Gary never established
The demand for commercialplanes carried on to augment progressively all through the 1930s, but again endured anotherdemand downturn when World War II broke out. Conversely, the war assisted in generatingsupport for military aircraft research and expansion, which expanded to commercial aviation9.The end of war brought a fall down in the aircraft industry as a considerable number of armyorders were rescinded10. In the 1950s, the aptitude and comfort of commercial aircrafts advanced significantlyas planes were modernized, including the introduction of jet service in 1959; facilitating6 Devani Boyd “Safety and Profits in the Airline Industry.” The Journal of IndustrialEconomics, 34 (3): (20000 311.7 Ibid 3128 Ibid 3129 Ibid pp 31510 Heppenheimer, T. A. “The U.S. Aircraft Industry – An Overview” U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission.http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/AeroOV1.htm.
Secondly, “air transport’s contribution to climate change represents 2%” (CleanSky, n.d.) meaning the Carbon emission is high. Each year, aircrafts traveling across the world produce an estimate of 628,000,000 tonnes of CO2 annually. Not only does aircrafts pollute the skies with harmful emission, but it also causes noise pollution. (Amin, Z. n.d.) These are caused by the jet engines, the consumption of the fuel, and the process of the air going through the fans and turbines due to Newton’s second law of motion, there are consequences towards the usage of aircrafts. Hong Kong’s International Airport is named number 10 in the world as one of the world’s
ageing of aircraft’s fleet and environmental concerns are some of the challenges faced by today’s
The volume of people who choose aviation as a transport has considerably grown. The aviation industry is in full bloom and so are the problems
Another technology advancement deals with Aviation. The Aviation organization has recognized the ecosystem damage that is being caused by the acts of man. The burning of fuel by planes has caused O-zone decomposition