Analyzing Erikson's Psychological Theory

Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory are two important and well-known psychoanalytic theories on human development. Both theories are often compared and contrasted in developmental studies. Like Freud, Erikson also believed that human development occurs in a series of stages of a person’s life. However, Freud’s theory focuses on basic needs and biological impulses like the need for food and sexual behaviors in the early stages of life. While Erikson’s theory emphasized on environment experiences and social interactions throughout the early and later stages of life.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Sages are: Basis vs. mistrust (oral) Birth-1 year- from warm, responsive care, infants gain a sense of trust, or confidence, that the world is good. Mistrust occurs when infants have to wait to long for comfort and handled harshly. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (anal) 1-3 years- Using new mental and motor skills, children want to choose and decide for themselves. Autonomy is fostered when parents permit reasonable free choice and do not force or shame the child. Initiative vs. guilt (phallic)-3-6 years- Through make-believe play, children explore the kind of person they can become. Initiative- a sense of ambition and responsibility developments when parents support their child’s new sense of purpose. When parents demand

My Individual is Female named Anna (not her real name), aged 28, lone parent, has one child, aged 11 and had suffered from Postpartum depression(PPD) aka post- natal depression after her child was born, following from that came alcoholism on and off for the last 8 years. Within my report, I will be explaining the work of Erik Erikson and Albert Bandura in relation to my Individual, to give you an understanding of possible influences that reflects on the individual’s personality and behavioural approach in life.

Many of my memorable events may seem small to some people, but when you compare them to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory the small and seemingly insignificant things are the building blocks of my personality today per Erikson.

Jean Piaget was a psychologist who believed that children progressed through different stages of cognitive development. He stated that the four stages of cognitive development, are ‘critical’ to children’s progress. The four distinct stages that Piaget suggested were: The sensorimotor stage 0-2 years, The preoperational stage which involves children ages 2-7 years, The concrete operational stage that includes children aged 7-11 years and The formal operational stage 11 years+. Piaget named this theory, The Stage Theory (Piaget, J. 1951 The Child’s Conception of the world.

This paper explores the developmental theory created by Erik Erikson, which focuses on the major psychosocial dilemmas that a person struggles with over the course of their entire life. Following a brief biography of Erikson’s life, the paper will touch upon the 8 stages between birth and death wherein the most psychologically significant of these dilemmas take place. It will discuss the psychological impact of trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, and industry versus inferiority on early development from infancy through childhood. It will then cover the significance of identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair on the mind from adolescence to late adulthood. The importance of the specific positive concept in each struggle, including the accepted ways in which to help those concepts to flourish and grow, will be explored. Conversely, the likely causes of each of the negative concepts and their psychological impact on stunting the emotional growth of the individual will also be discussed, along with the influences that many of these concepts impact each other both directly in the next stage of development and indirectly many stages later.

In 1959, Erik Erikson introduced his theory of psychosocial development. His psychoanalytic theory consists of eight different stages that span throughout a person’s life and each stage consists of a crisis that must be resolved as either a positive value or a negative outcome. This preset order through which individuals develop is known as an epigenetic principle. According to Santrock (2016), contrary to Freud’s theory, which was introduced years earlier, Erikson insisted that humans develop psychosocially instead of psychosexually. In other words, instead of human motivation being rooted in sexual behavior, it is instead derived from a social need to interact with others. Two individuals who portray Erikson’s particular theory are

Aside from the required concept of Erikson’s Theory, I decided to write about the concepts of self-awareness and object permanence. I chose these because they interested me from the situations that the book provided, and because I felt that they’d be easier for my grandpa to recall.

Piaget’s theory is based on the cognitive development that humans go through in life. The cognitive theory describes and explains the development of thought processes and mental states. Piaget established that children go through a series of stages. These stages are Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational. In the Sensorimotor stage, children begin to associate their sense with objects and they are able to manipulate objects. In the Preoperational stage, children begin to learn from playing around with other children

that we must learn at certain stages of life. Jean Piaget developed his Stage Theory of Cognitive

Jean Piaget was a cognitive theorist and “psychologist who identified stages of mental development, and established the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology” (biography.com, n.d.) who was born on August 9th, 1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland. Jean Piaget’s three children influenced his work as he used them in his case studies of child development. He graduated from the University of Neuchatel graduated in 1916 when he was twenty years old, then went on to get his doctorate of Biology at the age of 22. Piaget’s cognitive theory is made up of 3 components; schemas; adaptation processes and the four stages of development. The first component to his cognitive theory is the four stages of child development, the sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 years) which involves learning through motor actions, the preoperational stage (2 years – 7 years) which involves children developing intelligence by

Piaget came up with the Theory of cognitive development. The theory of cognitive development has four stages. Sensorimotor is the first stage. The first stage of Piaget 's theory lasts from birth to approximately about the age of two. This stage is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world around them through hearing, seeing, smelling, touching, tasting, and feeling.

Piaget was a Swiss scholar and a psychologist who studied children’s cognitive development. He developed the four critical stages of cognitive development and believed that children progress from the stages. The sensor motor stage is from birth to two years. Children experiment and learn the world through senses and actions. The Pre-operational stage is from around two to seven years. Children start to expand and develop vocabulary through pretend play, but still lack of logical reasoning. They begin to represent the world symbolically. The concrete operational state is to eleven years. Children think logically and rational. They begin to understand the thoughts and others are not necessarily the same. The formal operations stage to sixteen or more. At this final stage, children have abstract reasoning and concrete thinking.

Psychologist, Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory follows that notion that human beings undergo sequential stages of cognitive development to create cognitive meanings of the world around them. These stages of development occur in order as Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational. In the

A key idea in Piaget’s theory was cognitive development and how it relates to the 4 stages he created in his theory. Each stage is age related which is a key concept in