Anaphase 2 Lab Report

If feeding efficiency and reproduction have a direct correlation, and a population started with equal proportions of individuals with each of three feeding types, metal spoon, metal knife, and plastic fork, the frequency of the population with metal spoons as their feeding structure will increase in the next generation. While the frequency of metal knifes and plastic forks will decrease. Furthermore, since the organisms with the metal spoon feeding structure have a higher fitness level, this population will evolve by natural selection to a point where the metal spoon phenotype will be in abundant. While the organisms with metal knifes and plastic forks phenotypes will decrease in frequency due to the lack of reproduction. Eventually, if this population persist overtime, most of the organisms, if not all, will have the metal spoon phenotype, while very few, if not any, will have the metal knife or the plastic fork phenotype.

Chromosome pairs line up across the equator of the spindle at metaphase I (5). In anaphase I the chromosomes separate and travel to opposite ends of the spindle. The chromosomes migrate to the equators of two new spindles for metaphase 2 (7). Next the chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase 2 to form four clusters of chromosomes in telophase 2. The nuclear envelopes reform around four haploid nuclei that will give rise gamete

These bivalents line up along the equator during metaphase I, the arrangement of the bivalent is completely random and relative to the orientation of the other bivalents, this is known as the independent assortment of chromosomes. This is followed by anaphase I where the homologous chromosomes separate and move to the opposite poles of the cell. At telophase I the cell divides into two, each cell contains one chromosome from each homologous pair. The second stage of meiosis is similar to mitosis.

A) Meiosis consists of two cell divisions and is broken up into Meiosis I and Meiosis II. At the beginning of the Cell Cycle, in this case there are four chromatids each from the homologous pairs being A, a, B, b. This is the Diploid number (4) meaning it is 2 times the haploid number that will be seen at the end of meiosis II. During the S phase of interphase, the chromatids replicate and reach the end of G2 phase. Now starting meiosis, during the first stage of prophase I the chromosomes condense and pair up through synapsis with their sister chromatids creating AA, aa, BB, bb. After they pair up they go through a process called crossing over, where the homologous chromosomes share a piece of their genetic material with each other. Crossing over allows for the genetic diversity of chromosomes. Now there are four homologous chromosomes Aa, Aa, Bb, Bb, each containing heterozygous alleles because the sister chromatids exchanged genetic information with their homologous pair. During late prophase I, spindle fibers being to form where they will later attach to a homologous chromosomes centromere. The next stage is Metaphase I. During metaphase I, the homologous pairs line up at the metaphase plate, also known to be the center of the cell. The homologous pairs form a tetrad which is considered a group of four homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes orient themselves randomly, which is know as the process of independent

2. In which phases of mitosis are sister chromatids visible, and attached to each other at the centromere?

Make three exposures using given technical factors on a phantom knee in PA position . Include saline bags in exposures 1 and 2 to demonstrate patient soft tissue thickness.

Observation: no bugs were found except small, black, gnats were all close to the ground.

I learned that anaerobic is an organism or tissue that is living in the absence of air or oxygen while aerobic is involves the organism or tissue receiving and requiring air. Furthermore I learned about the anaerobic cellular respiration that uses an electron acceptor rather than oxygen to complete metabolism using electron transport-based chemiosmosis. Also in this reading I learned about fermentation which is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.

The oxidation number of an atom of any free element is ZERO. Means to say there is only one kind of atom present, no charge.

Ps: the iodine was already really dark so it was very hard to see much difference between the control and the others.

Use a test tube holder to put the test tube into a container of boiling water for 5 minutes, or until the solution changes color.

Water uptake capacity of NCs enables them to entrap exudates upon contact with suppurating wounds which is desirable for their effectiveness as wound dressings. The increase in size and agglomeration of AgNPs from NC-1 to NC-3 might have resulted in more blockages of pores of CNCs which could be responsible for a decrease in water uptake capacity of NC-2 and NC-3 as compared to NC-1.

Anaphase – the chromosomes are divided into single from pair and the chromosomes move to opposite poles

2. (5 pts) List and explain the names and affiliations of the various characters/stakeholders in this story – I’m looking for us to use the story to map out the complexities that are generally associated with solving public health puzzles – the stakeholders you list and explain here should apply to many of the cases we consider going forward.

[A labelled diagram of Metaphase here, and put a note next to it saying "Note