Assessing The Toxicity Of Pv Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles

Oil spills are one of the worst things that can happen to wildlife. For example the Exxon Valdez oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989 was the worst oil spill to ever happen in North American waters. A tanker from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska ran into a reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound. 11 million gallons of oil spilled into the water. The area that the oil spilled into had a large amount of wildlife. In the region

Out of all of these ways, oil spills can cause a noticeably excessive amount of damage to the ocean. Although only 12% of the oil entering the sea is caused by spills, they can deteriorate ocean life and environment more than any other pollution. One gallon of used oil spilled into the ocean, which contains toxic chemicals and heavy metals severely dangerous to the micro-organism at the base of the food chain, can cause an eight-acre layer

These particles can effect the lung and breathing system for many animals. Although these small particles from an in-situ burn will typically remain suspended and dilute high above the human breathing zone, monitoring plans have been established so responders can monitor particulate levels to ensure the protection of public health. The decision to use in-situ burning must consider the tradeoffs such as: impact of air quality, rapid oil removal, risk of secondary fires and safety and response of the workers. The in-situ has removed 90% of the contained oil during the experiments and accidental burns of petroleum on water, the small percentage of the original oil that they have has been left unburned. The material will float for a long period of time. The State Implementation Plans required by the Clean Air Act are the primary plans that regulate air quality. Agreements between state and federal regulatory authorities spoke about areas where the Federal On- Scene Coordinator and/or the State may make rapid decisions on in-situ burning. There are a decent amount of potential benefits. By reducing the surface oil on the shorelines, sensitive habitats, birds, mammals and other wildlife has been affected and they’re trying to avoid harming any of these areas. It gets rid of the air quality impacts of the hydrocarbons that would eventually dissolve. It also has a rapid consumes oil in the burn. Since so many of the sea life creatures were harmed during this oil

…” As acknowledged by the EPA, the long-term effects of dispersants on aquatic life are unknown. The dispersants used in response to the BP oil spill, Corexit 9500A and Corexit 9527A, are toxic chemicals with still-untold effects. They are suspected of contributing to giant underwater oil plumes that are moving through deep water and leaving a trail of damaged and dead sea life on the ocean floor” (Offshore

Throughout history, humans have had many adverse effects on the ocean. However, in the past century, a new threat to the ocean has arisen. Oils spills are one of the most dangerous human effects on the ocean, partly because they’re so difficult to reverse after they’ve happened, and because many of the chemicals that get released into the water are extremely toxic to a lot of creatures. Oil spills are usually caused by two ships colliding with each other, a ship colliding with another object, or as in the case of the BP oil spill, an explosion.

The oil and refined products are a mixture of various hydrocarbons and other compounds whose physical and chemical properties vary; during an oil spill, the composite determines the behavior and impact on the environmental elements such as physical, biological, ecosystem, and the economical impact. During this Case Study I will continue to discuss the characteristics of each affected ecosystem including organisms commonly found in the Deepwater Horizon Spill affected area, potential threats based on their relative location to the spill, and the economic impact of damages in these communities.

Besides that, these tiny oil particles can be degraded more quickly by bacteria presence in the ocean and wash away from spill site by ocean waves3. It was about 2 million galons1 of dispersants was used to prevent the oil slicks to clear up the surface water contaminated. The dispersant chemical helped to clear the slicks out of vision however it somewhat distributed negative impact to the ecosystem from potential harm wildlife to food chain. The tiny oil droplets either suspended in the water or fall down to the bottom of the ocean floor. Therefore, bottom sediment samples were collected to analyze for the remaining of crude oil and the main active compound of dispersant which are the anionic sufactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

Fabrication of nanomaterials with strict control over size, shape, and crystalline structure has become very important for the applications of nanotechnology in numerous fields including catalysis, medicine, and electronics. Synthesis methods for nanoparticles are typically grouped into two categories: “top-down” and “bottom-up” approach. The first involves the division of a massive solid into smaller and smaller portions, successively reaching to nanometer size. This approach may involve milling or

On April 10, 2011, an oilrig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded. This explosion killed 11 crewmembers and caused the rig to sink to the bottom of the ocean. This caused an estimated 180-185 million gallons of oil to flow into the gulf. It wasn’t until July 15, 2010 until the oil was contained and stopped flowing. The Gulf was virtually covered in crude oil. There were many effects from this spill and many of them were environmental. Animals had to swim through this oil and birds that landed in it were no longer able to fly because of the heavy oil on their wings. At least a thousand birds died and hundreds of other animal also perished. The oil washed up onto beaches and caused them to close to the public. Some of the effects were even

During oil spills many animals, and ecosystems are destroyed. Many issues happen when the oil spill in 40 miles away or less . When this happens the oil gets on many plants, fish, and on other animals and sometimes animals drink the water and eat the fish. When this happens many animals are seriously injured or even killed. In some occasions, like the Exxon Valdez oil spill it can even go on shore, up streams and kill even more animals like sea otters, sea lions and whales. In other oils spills like the Bp Deep horizon oil spill of the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. The oil got caught in the loop current and then it eventually stopped right of the coast of Cuba.

In addition I am interested in exposures to PMs emitted from the use of Nano-Enabled Products (NEPs). The large-scale usage of NEPs makes consumer and occupational exposure inevitable. In order to develop regulations to control the usage of these materials, it is imperative to understand the potential exposure routes, the exposure levels, the chemical composition of the emissions, and the mechanism of the nanoparticle – cell interactions.

Oil spills have been a treat to man and its environment since the discovery of oil as a source of energy. In history, there have been several massive oil spill disasters have occurred within the last century. (1)

Oil spill contains crude oil, small amount of heavy metal, refined and unrefined petroleum oil(Intertek, 2015). Due to these toxic chemicals, oil spill is an environmental issue and needs great attention because of its adverse effective in aquatic life and ecological balance. Use of nanomaterials in oil spill remediation is a novice approach. Oil and water separation requires technology with unique wettability, super hydrophobic and oleophilic surface property. This can be achieved with surface modification using nanoparticles. These types of modified nanomaterials will be able to absorb oil or toxic organic compounds from the contaminated

In this study, we describe a versatile strategy to fabricate newly-fashioned silica-modified membranes based on organic/inorganic hybridization for oil/water emulsion separation. The silica-modified membranes were easily obtained by a simple two-step immersion of polysulfone hollow fiber membranes into silicon solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate mixed with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and subsequently into lactic acid solution. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the compositions and structures of the membranes. A micronanoscaled SiO2-based coating was generated roughly and continuously on

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe3O4 classified as biocompatible (Kunzmann et al., 2011) and low toxic nanomaterials in the human body studied (Jeng and Swanson, 2006; Karlsson et al., 2009) which make them have attracted great interest in biomedicine. However, little studies report in the human and existence the criteria to define the toxicity of nanomaterials does not guarantee that iron oxide nanoparticles pose no potential risks in a challenge with environmental systems and are suitable for use in widespread applications. Hence, due to their final destination in the aquatic ecosystems, it seems like the benefits and risk assessments of Fe3O4-MNPs are necessary to be clearly defined in aqua-life systems. In this regards, we