Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )

Millions of people are diagnosed with autism but few know what they go through every day. It is a constant struggle day in and day out of either fearing social interaction or accidental touching of strangers. Their minds work at an entirely different pace, compared to others, running at full speed.

Many of us have heard about Autism, also knows as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Some have a family member, a friend, or know someone who has ASD. Increasingly it is becoming a more common disability. “Autism is one of the fastest-growing developmental disorders in the U.S” (Autism Speaks). Autism has no respect for gender, race, social class and or ethnicity. “Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that involves abnormal development and function of the brain.” (Autism Center of Excellence) People who have autism have a lot of difficulties with social skills, communication and also will develop behavior issues. These behavior problems of an individual with autism can vary at times and can go from mild to severe. According to the Autism Science Foundation it says,” Many people with the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, and reacting to different sensations. The thinking and learning abilities of people with ASD can vary—from gifted to severely challenged.” The causes and symptoms, as well as the diagnosis, and the treatments of autism vary.

According to the 2014 estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 68 children have been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); a rate that has been steadily growing over the past 20 years (National Autism Association, 2015). Increases in reported frequencies for ASD are most likely due to a combination of factors including broader diagnostic criteria and increased awareness as well as a true increase in the number of people with ASD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Autism it self does not effect life expectancy and, in general, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can expect to live as long as the non-cognitively impaired population (National Autism Association,

The autism spectrum disorder is neurobehavioral deterioration that involves language developmental disorder combined with low social interaction skills and repetitive behaviors. The severity of the disorder varies from mild, moderate, and severe, and the diagnosis tends to be changeable according to several factors such as the severity and the kind of therapy that the child received during early years. There is an increased prevalence of the disorder among children within the last decade. “More recent estimates range from about 30 in 10,000 to one in 68.refrences to an autism epidemic appear to have originated in a 2002 California legislative report suggesting a 273% increase

Autism disorder is an issue facing many people today. It’s an issue widely discussed in the news and social media. In Gale’s data from 2015 defines autism as a general term for a group of complex disorders of the brain development that are grouped together under the broader term of autism spectrum disorder also known as ASD. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of 2014, about 1 in 68 out of 1,000 children were diagnosed with ASD. This was a dramatic increase from 1 in 150 children in 1992. The CDC also

Numerous studies have been conducted on the diagnostic features and potential definitions of autism, and the accompanying developmental, social and behavioral deficits found in individuals diagnosed with autism. The various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) have changed in their definitions and diagnostic criteria of autism over time. In past editions, Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder were listed as separate disorders. However, in the DSM-5, which is the current edition of the DSM, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the name of the disorder that encompasses the diagnostic features and definitions of those three neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals previously diagnosed with any of those three disorders are now to be given the diagnosis of ASD. The definition and diagnostic criteria of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders have changed so much over time because screening and diagnosing autism is very difficult for a number of reasons, which will be more thoroughly discussed in this paper. This paper will examine the diagnostic criteria, prevalence and risk factors, most effective forms of treatment and intervention, and life impacts on individuals and families of Autism Spectrum Disorder through the review of the DSM-5 and several peer-reviewed journal articles.

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurological disorder that includes a set of developmental and behavioral features. These features include social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Social interaction and communication are difficult for those who have autism. It is considered a syndrome, not and illness, because it is a collection of behaviors, that the child exhibits, not a known biological part. Children with autism may not respond to their names, may not make eye contact and may only interact with others if it meant achieving a specific goal. They may also have difficulty interacting with other children and may have trouble expressing their own feelings

Autism is known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by reduced social interaction, verbal, and non-verbal communication and restricted and repetitive behavior. (Langone, 2002, p. 3). ASD can also be linked with many other symptoms such as intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination, attention, and physical health issues. Sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances, are known as the physical health issues (Langone, 2002, p. 4). Autism appears to develop and show signs in the early stages of the brain development, specifically between the ages of 2 and 3 years old.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing category in special education. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder generally diagnosed before the age of three. Its main factors include: repetitive stereotyped patterns of behavior, impairment in communication, and impairment in the area of social interaction (Heward, 1996). The DSM-IV “identifies ASD as part of a larger grouping, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). According the DSM-IV-TR there are five subtypes of PDD: autistic disorder, Aspergcr 's syndrome (AS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), Rett 's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)” (Meadan, Halle, & Ebata, 2010).

Autism, formally known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), was first recognized in 1943 by child psychiatrist Leo Kanner while studying a group of children. He observed that these individuals “did not seem to be interested in other people, socially or emotionally (Bardhan-Quallen, 2005).” This complex genetic disorder impacts the brain in the early stages of development and produces a wide range of complications in one’s communication skills, social interactions, and educational performance. The cause of this condition has been linked to too few or too many genes on chromosome 15 and is associated with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis (Whiteman, 2015). In addition, research has indicated that ASD primarily affects the white matter of the brain which is responsible for connecting different parts of the brain via nerve fibers. Throughout the past decades, the number of autism cases has increased drastically and is now considered to be the fastest-growing developmental disability. In fact, more people are diagnosed with autism than cancer, AIDS, and diabetes combined (Rosenblatt & Carbone, 2012).

There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The boy’s life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding parents, family members, and teachers. Autism Spectrum Disorder can be a challenge for the little boy as well as those he interacts with in everyday life.

Autism Spectrum Disorder also known as ASD is a Neurological Disorder affecting about 1 out of 54 boys and 1 in 252 girls in the United States. The Government has said that the Autism rate has increased a 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years. ASD is a Disease that has such a big effect on a kid’s life, the family, and everyone around them. A Child diagnosed with autism will have to everyday struggle to deal with normal life situations like communication and social skills that normal toddlers are able to pick up naturally. There are three main types of ASD’s: Autistic disorder which is also called “Classic” Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Persuasive Developmental Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified short for PDD-NOS also called

“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.” Those with autism may have a number of developmental difficulties such as problems with social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can help those with the disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder which impacts many areas of cognition and language (Haebig, McDuffie, & Weismer, 2013). Deficits include; impairments in development of social communication skills and language learning. Specific to the domain of language learning, children with ASD have increased difficulties due to repetitive and restricted play behaviors and lack of joint attention and linguistic mapping (Venker, McDuffie, Weismer, & Abbeduto, 2012). Language learning is a complex developmental stage which the transactional model claims can be “facilitated by parents who are verbally responsive to their children” (McDuffie & Yoder, 2010). Parental verbal responsiveness refers to parents who have

Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a widespread mental condition that is known to incapacitate people with communication and forming relationships. Autism is believed to have been around since the beginning of mankind, but it was first diagnosed as a disorder in 1908, and revised and clarified during the 1930s. Two percent of children in the United States are affected by autism, which equates to 1 in 45. With such a large percentage of children having autism, many people know someone who is affected. To fully understand autism in today’s society, one must know what this disorder is, the history, symptoms, statistics and the options for treatment. Spectrum refers to the wide variations of challenges and strengths possessed by each person with autism.