Bell’s Palsy is a condition that results in paralysis of one side of the face. The 7th cranial nerve, also known as the facial nerve is what controls most of the muscles of the face. This facial nerve stems from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles of facial expression. The function of the 7th cranial nerve is to express taste sensations from the tongue and oral cavity. It also supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to several head and neck ganglia (citation). In the Bell’s Palsy condition, there is damage to the facial nerve that controls muscles on one side of the face which causes that side of the face to droop. Furthermore, this nerve damage may also affect the sense of taste and the production of tears and saliva. Bell’s Palsy is a condition that comes on suddenly, and it may also get better spontaneously.
One of the most distinct features of Bell’s Palsy is its unknown etiology. Previously, Bell's palsy was speculated to be the cause of other diseases, but it is not the result of a stroke or a transient ischemic attack, which are conditions that both can cause facial paralysis. The actual cause of Bell's palsy has not yet been completely determined, but according to some studies, scientists believe that Bell’s palsy is caused by a viral infection such as viral meningitis or the common cold sore virus which is caused by herpes simplex. Scientists believe that the facial nerve swells and becomes inflamed as a reaction to the
Cerebral palsy refers to a group of chronic disorders that involve degrees of brain damage that affect body control and movement. The term cerebral refers to the brain, while palsy describes a disorder that impairs the control of body movement. These disorders are not the result of muscles or nerves problems. Instead, they are due to impaired motor areas in the brain that disrupt its ability to control movement and posture. The condition typically appears within the first few years of life and it is not marked by regression. (Mecham, 1986)
The human body is made up of many organ systems that consist of organs and tissues of different anatomies and diverse nomenclature. These organs systems, organs and tissues are prone to thousands of diseases, and one of these diseases is cerebral palsy, which is a disease of the nervous system in simple terms. Research relating to cerebral palsy is carried out, whereby the disorder is described, along with its history, and how it affects the nervous system and the brain. The anatomy of the body systems involves with regard to this disorder, the effects of the disorder on these body systems and other body systems are also researched and discussed. Furthermore, the research focuses on the causes of cerebral palsy, its complications, signs, and symptoms, and the diagnosis of the disorder, along with its treatment and side effects of the treatment. A recap of the research focusing on prevention strategies, the anatomy and physiology of cerebral palsy and the nervous system is presented.
Response: That specific cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal (XII) nerve and it belongs to the Sensory Somatic nervous system.
Sheriff Ed Tom Bell experiences growing fatigue throughout No Country For Old Men that visibly ages him. In the beginning, Bell describes his career experience when he “sent one boy to the gaschamber at Huntsville…..One and only one” (3). The boy admitted to Bell “that he had been plannin to kill somebody for about as long as he could remember” and at nineteen killed his fourteen year old girlfriend (3). Bell wonders “if maybe he was some new kind” because “I thought I’d never seen a person like that” (3). The reader understands how Bell struggles with the new generation at an earlier in his career and is astonished by the boy’s desire to kill someone. Bell even says, “What do you say to a man that by his own admission has no soul? Why would you say anything?” (4). He points out that the boy “wasnt nothin compared to what was comin down the pike” foreshadowing the violence in No Country For Old Men that will eventually caused Bell to concede to retirement (4). Sheriff Bell claims:
Bell’s palsy, “a type of paralysis or weakness of the muscles in the face” (WebMD, 2014), is a secondary condition that occurs as a result of the bacteria released into the blood stream after a bite by a “deer tick”.
Progressive bulbar palsy is a form of MND that mainly affects the muscles in the throat, tongue and face that causes difficulties with speech, swallowing, coughing and clearing the throat. PBP can also affect the expression of emotions and people might laugh or cry for no apparent reason.
The trigeminal and facial cranial nerves at first seem to be tangled muscle and nerves. When actually they only get that way because of where they came from, and because they had previous function in our ancestors. There are 12 Cranial nerves that come from the brain. These nerves control our facial expressions and all basic actions of the face. The trigeminal and facial cranial nerves are the two cranial nerves that are the source for this misconception of chaos, for the have “very complex functions and take tortuous paths through the head to do their job” (Shubin
Bell’s Palsy is defined by a temporary, unilateral paralysis of the face caused by inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Inflammation of the facial nerve is unknown although theories about a viral infection or disorders of the immune system have been found in research as possible causes. An MRI or CT scan can be used in order to diagnosis Bell’s Palsy by ruling out any other disorders with the same symptoms such as stroke, Lyme disease, or tumors. The disorder occurs suddenly and without any warning making it impossible for prevention. [1] Sir Charles Bell was the founder of this disorder from his studies of the facial nerve and how the interruptions of the nerve pathway caused paralysis. Bell’s Palsy generally
My name is Armonee Mosley and I work with many people that has Cerebral palsy and you may ask what is cerebral palsy? It is a term used to define a group of conditions which impair movement, with “palsy” meaning disorder of movement and “cerebral” meaning brain. In other words “The impairment is caused by damage to the brain, either before or after birth, but to be clinically diagnosed with cerebral palsy it must occur very early in life, usually before the age of three” (Emma). There is no gender or race more prone to cerebral palsy however, how the pregnancy was carried can play a role. The use of drugs and/or alcohol may cause damage to the developing brain of the fetus, perhaps leading to congenital cerebral palsy(Emma)
Bell’s palsy is a condition that affects the muscles of the face. The muscles become weak and slow for an impermanent period of time. This disorder occurs when the nerve that controls the facial muscles, cranial nerve VII, becomes inflamed or swollen. The cause of the damaged is not officially known, but researchers believe that is could be the result of a viral infection.
Cerebral Palsy is a broad term used to describe a group of chronic “palsies”, which are
Cranial Nerve Palsy is defined as damage to the cranial nerves or their branches. It is caused by a number of medical conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, trauma, rise in intracranial pressure, multiple sclerosis, stroke, lumbar puncture, and neurosyphilis. There are twelve cranial nerves, and each of them can have a malfunction happen to cause some type of damage. These nerves go directly from the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and trunk, and some of them are involved in the special senses (such as sight, sound, touch, and taste). Others control muscles in the face and regulate the glands in the body. The nerves are named and numbered according to their location, and the order in which they are named and numbered is from the front of the brain to the back.
Cranial Nerve II (Occipital nerve) is also sensory and conveys visual input. Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear) and VI (Abducens) control eye movement. Nerves III ,IV and VI are motor types of nerves. The oculomotor nerve (III) moves the eye and raises the eyelids as well as adjusts the lens and pupils of the eye. The Trochlear nerve (IV) controls the movement of the eyeball. The Abducens nerve (VI) moves the eyeballs outward. Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal) is mixed (a mix of motor and sensory) and is divided into 3 parts: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. This nerve controls the muscles of the face associated with chewing. Cranial Nerve V also controls feelings of the skin including pain and temperature. Cranial Nerve VII (Facial) is also mixed and controls facial movements. The facial nerve also controls saliva and tear
Cerebral Palsy is a disease that is associated with brain injury prior to birth or within two years after birth. This disease is a general category and can occur because of many different events. The resultant disease can have many different effects on the body. When someone is diagnosed with this disease it will last throughout a their whole lifetime but will generally not be progressive (Imms). Cerebral Palsy is a lifelong disease but through exercise and other treatments we can increase function and increase quality of daily life for patients.
Research is also being done to help with the curing of Bell’s Palsy. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) performs extensive research in order to better the understanding of how the nervous system works and what causes dysfunction in the nervous system. Some of this research entails learning more about what causes nerve damage and certain diseases and conditions that cause nerve damage. Information gained from this research can aid neurologists to find the cause of Bell’s Palsy, which would obviously lead to better treatments (NINDS, 2011).