Choosing the Best Pricing Techniques to Address Consumer Goods Pricing Challenges
CONSUMER GOODS S E CTO R
A Current Best Practices Paper
Curt Stenger
Senior Vice President, Ipsos Marketing, Consumer Goods Sector curt.stenger@ipsos.com
Research Challenge Identifying the optimal price for a new product is a critical step in the innovation process – and correcting the price of an existing product is a necessary component of successful brand management. With the wide range of pricing research techniques practiced in the industry, it is not always clear which technique best addresses the business issue at hand. This paper describes the most common methods used for consumer goods pricing research and offers guidelines on when – and when not
…show more content…
(Figure 1). This continuum helps describe how pricing methods can best be used to address particular pricing issues based on the level of competition needed to be considered and the depth of pricing knowledge needed.
Custom research pricing methods fall into two main approaches: (1) pricing the total product (pricing for a complete concept /product) and (2) pricing elements of a variable concept /product offering such as branding or features. This discussion will focus on pricing the total product. We are focusing on this because pricing elements (which is largely accomplished through conjoint trade-off models) tends to focus more on the features as either equal or superior to price and often needs to be used in conjunction with another method to fully understand the impact of price on brand success. Specific techniques that price the total product and which are covered in this paper are Gabor-Granger, price sensitivity measurement, monadic concept, brand-price trade-off, and simple discrete choice. Fuller profile discrete choice will be discussed briefly along with the simple discrete choice approach.
–3–
© 2008, Ipsos
Choosing the Best Pricing Techniques to Address Consumer Goods Challenges
Pricing the Total Product: Pricing the Product Individually vs. Pricing the Product Competitively
The vast majority of custom research pricing research falls into
Swing Manufacturing and Steady Manufacturing both operate in the widget industry, but with radically different cost structures. Swing is a capital-intensive, automated manufacturer, while Steady is a labor-intensive "job-shop." Monthly operating data are as follows:
When trying to determine the correct price, a number of factors must be considered: the market and its segments, the size of each segment, the ability to reach each segment, what distribution channels to target, whether to vary price by segment, the usefulness of promotional offerings, and whether the goal is to skim or penetrate each market.
This assignment focuses on branding, pricing, and distribution of Clear-Springs, Inc.’s product and service. In this assignment, a domestic and global product branding strategy was created and the optimum pricing strategy was determined and discussed in detail. An examination on how the company’s pricing strategy supports its branding strategy was compelled and discussed in detail. A distribution channel analysis identifying the wholesaler, distributor, and retailer relationships; which included any e-Commerce was prepared. A justification of whether or not a push or pull strategy will be used was
A trip to the mall seems to be a rather easy task; however do we, as people, truly think of the amount of retail establishments we visit, the amount of work utilized to maintain the establishment, or the marketing strategies implemented at said retail establishments. Establishments, especially leading apparel stores, implement various types of pricing strategies, including sales and price reductions to grab the attention of consumers to generate business. Pricing is one of the most difficult elements of the marketing strategy. Pricing is difficult to determine due to the impact it may have on the companies, or retail establishments, revenue or profits. However, how does a company determine what type or pricing strategy to utilize for their company?
However, due to the rising competition and growing innovative efforts, a pricing strategy may need to be revised at some point to assure customer affordability and maintain customer loyalty. Quality is firmly identified with return. Low quality items and benefit decreases consumer loyalty and prompts to regular returns, while great items and administration can fulfill the client and lessen the quantity of profits. In the meantime, top notch items and administration merit high offering costs in light of the fact that higher costs flag better quality (Li, Xu, & Li,
“Pricing is actually a pretty simple and straight forward thing. Customers will not pay literally a penny more than the true value of the product” (Johnson, R. n.d.). The introductory citation by Canadian Politician Ron Johnson lays the foundation for this case assignment. A case assignment composed of proposals to numerous companies pertaining to their pricing strategy. For products created by their individual organizations. Let’s kickoff this case assignment by exploring possible strategies, for a company that recently developed a new 3D television.
Peter R. Dickson and Alan G. Sawyer (1984) ,"Entry/Exit Demand Analysis", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 11, eds. Thomas C. Kinnear, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 617-622. Advances in Consumer Research Volume 11, 1984 ENTRY/EXIT DEMAND ANALYSIS Peter R. Dickson, The Ohio State University Alan G. Sawyer, The Ohio State University ABSTRACT Past methods of measuring consumer response to the price of a branded good are reviewed and critiqued. A new approach- Entry/Exit Demand Analysis--is described. The method borrows from and improves past methods. Some initial evidence about the technique's test-retest reliability is presented. INTRODUCTION One of the most
The strategy for setting a product’s price often has to be changed when the product is part of a product mix. In this case, the firm looks for a set of prices that maximizes its profits on the total product mix. Pricing is difficult because the various products have related demand and costs and face different degrees of competition.
Considering the product as a whole is relatively inexpensive, the price difference between competitors is rarely over $1.00; therefore, the customer base is not price sensitive and focuses more on convenience, services, and atmosphere. An increase or decrease in price should encompass little effect on market share; therefore, we will consider the perceived
Quite often, consumers purchase goods and services based on their perceived need. Upon making the decision that a need is present and a solution is available consumers are more equipped to react to that need. Although previously perceived that consumers will normally accept prices as presented by suppliers that remains to not be the case. Consumers assess and process prices based on past purchases and other psychological process they went through previously such as persuasive marketing strategies, accessibility of the goods or services and possibly information gathered from prior purchasers of a product. There are countless options that are available to consumers. Consumers are then faced with the choice of choosing the product that best fulfills their need at that given point. Consumers who are knowledgeable regarding prices will be aware of the approximated price for products (Zhao, Zhao & Deng, 2015).
Price can serve as an indicator of quality for consumers. The higher the price of a product, the more perceived risk a consumer incurs. In general, consumers often associate a high-priced retail product with higher quality than those of lower pricing; however, some researchers believe that this quality and price relationship is too simplistic. Prices are used by marketers in retail stores in order to appeal to different consumers on different levels. The consumer uses comparative judgments in order to evaluate a potential purchasing decision. The consumer utilizes reference prices in order to make these comparisons. Reference pricing is a subjective price level that is used by the consumers to determine if the product is at an acceptable price for purchase.
Source:http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/operating/marketing/pricing/valuebased.htmlHow high can a price be before the product or service is priced out of the market?To understand the customer 's perception of the value of your product or service, look at more subjective criteria such as customer preferences, product benefits, convenience, product quality, company image and alternative products offered by the competition. * How do your customers describe what they get for their money? * Do they save a great deal of money or time by purchasing your product or service? * Do they gain a competitive advantage from
There are a number of instances were lowering a price can entice a purchase. One recent instance was with respect to a camera lens that I wanted. This lens was priced at around $200, which was not a bad price. However, it was a little bit more than I wanted to pay. I kept checking the price online at a few different outlets and it changed almost every day. The outlets went back and forth raising and lowering their prices, something I was surprised about. The price finally hit $150 at one of the outlets and I bought.
Today’s highly competitive business world forces companies to create different tactics and relatively rely on multiple pricing strategies to conduct business.
Price interacts with all other elements of the marketing mix to determine the effectiveness of each and of the whole. The objectives that guide pricing strategy should be a subset of the objectives that guide overall marketing strategy. Thus, it is probably wrong to view price as an independent element of marketing strategy or to assert that price, by itself, is a central element in the marketing mix.” (Webster, 1979)