Bone Metastase Essay

2. Compare the portrayal of Katrina in Salvage the Bones to what you saw of the hurricane in the news. Which aspect of the storm’s devastation does this novel bring to life? What does Esch’s perspective add to your understanding of Katrina’s impact?

Bone is made up of two types of structure which are the compact bone and the spongy bone. Compact bone lies over spongy bone and makes up most of a bone’s diaphysis, it consist of compactly arranged osteons which is the Harvesian system. Compact bone able to protect, supports and resist stress. Spongy bone makes up most of the mass short, flat and irregular bones and is also found at the epiphyses of long bones. It stores marrow and provides some support. The size of the bone grow throughout childhood and adolescence as our body produces more bone than it loses. At some point in life, human will be at their peak bone mass density (BMD) which is the end of the bone growth. For normal human being, the BMD usually stays constant as the break down and regeneration of bone is equal. However, for certain people, the bone loses is more than the regeneration and production which then cause osteoporosis.

Nina had freedom. She lived in New York alone, worked as a tour guide in China. She lived away from her family and with their complicated pasts. She’s a sister of three and is the youngest and most independent. Leila the oldest sister and Ona the middle child. All three sisters had their own kind of way of dealing with the family. Ona one of the quieter child committed suicide and that might’ve been her way of escape.

Osteopetrosis is a rare, genetic disease that causes extremely dense and brittle bones. This is because individuals affected with osteopetrosis do not have normal osteoclasts, which bones need to work correctly. Healthy bones require properly functioning osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bones and osteoclasts are bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption, which is the breaking down of bones and providing space for new bone marrow to grow. An individual with osteopetrosis has osteoclasts that do not function properly, therefore their bones are not healthy (Stocks, Wang, Thompson, Stocks, & Horwitz, 1998).

chemotherapy" (Dr. John Diamond, MD). As of now, the survival rate for leukemia is 65-85%, Bone and joint cancer, such as osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma, is at a 60-80% survival rate, while soft tissue sarcomas have a 83% survival

Chronic pain can be caused by bone cancer. Substances are produced and it can damage the bone tissue by dissolving and weakening the bones (ACS, 2015). The bone may break which can cause pain. As the tumor grows in the bone, it can press down on nerve endings that are inside or around the bone which will send pain signals to the brain (CRU, 2015). This can lead to issues such as risk for falls, fractures, swelling,

Osteoporosis is a condition of decreased bone mass. This leads to fragile bones which are at an increased risk for fractures. In fact, it will take much less stress to an osteoporotic bone to cause it to fracture. The term "porosis" means spongy, which describes the appearance of osteoporosis bones when they are broken in half and the inside is examined. Osteoporosis or porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist.

The final sample population of 303 beneficiaries received palliative radiation treatment in 2014 to bone metastases. Of those 303 beneficiaries, 24 beneficiaries (7.92%) had single-fraction treatments and 279 beneficiaries (92.1%) had multi-fraction treatments. The majority were 65-75 years of age (n=129; 42.6%) and 76-85 years of age (n=106; 35%). The mean age was 73.3 years, and the majority were Caucasian (n=276; 91.1%). The majority of all radiation treatments are in the Southeast (n=123; 40.6%) and gender was mostly balanced, with slightly more males than females. Overall, in our study the most common type of primary cancer to receive radiation for bone metastases are those with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer. Table 1 titled Demographic and Primary Malignancy Characteristics, provides a summary of the demographics.

The Median survival in Accelerated Phase was 18 months before imatinib. With imatinib, it is estimated to be more than 4 years.

Propelled malignancy is growth that has spread to far off parts of your body. This can incorporate your liver, brain or bones. Treatment relies on upon your general wellbeing and how best in class the growth is. It might be conceivable to hold the tumor under control by surgery or chemotherapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can both help control side effects by contracting a disease with the goal that it doesn't bring about weight and torment and moderates its development. This is called palliative treatment.

This type of therapy is often used as a means to treat hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, bone metastases from prostate and breast tumors, as well as other types of cancer and diseases. It can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic means of medicine, such as surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is used in the treatment of approximately 40% to 60% of patients who are diagnosed with cancer (Errors in Radiation Therapy, 2009). In many cases, the

Metastatic disease may be an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients. It may present with nonspecific symptoms such as malaise or weight loss, and it may present with symptoms and signs related to the metastatic site as dyspnea, lymph node enlargement, bone tenderness, or signs of increased intracranial tension.

Metastases to the spine represent a challenging problem in an oncology practice. Treatment decisions require multidisciplinary review. Radiation therapy remains the primary treatment for metastatic spinal tumor, but advances in radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery have changed the roles of each and lead to improved patient outcomes. Regardless of the treatment, diagnosis and treatment before the development of significant neurologic and functional deficits improve outcomes. Physician awareness and appropriate imaging greatly assist in the early detection of tumor.

     Osteoporosis is a health ailment which causes bones to become so porous that they can break easily. Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bones'. The bones in our skeleton are made of a thick outer shell and a strong inner mesh filled with collagen [protein], calcium salts and other minerals. The inside looks like honeycomb, with blood vessels and bone marrow in the spaces between bone. Osteoporosis occurs when the holes between bone become bigger, making it fragile and liable to break easily. Osteoporosis usually affects the whole skeleton but it most commonly causes breaks or fractures to bone in the wrist, spine and hip.

Vitamin intake is a commonly overlooked necessity in basic nutritional health. What most people do not know is that certain vitamin deficiencies can cause many health risks and problems. Many people believe that are getting all the vitamins they need from their diet, however most of the time they are not. One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is the low intake of Vitamin D. There are some vitamins that are produced by the body such as vitamin K; however some of the most important vitamins are not produced by the body. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins that our body needs to function correctly that is not naturally produced by the body. Vitamin D can be consumed through