For my research topic, I will be exploring the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and post-9/11 border militarization on the issues of criminalization of immigration and the inequality and structural violence immigrants face in detention centers specifically at the U.S.-Mexico Border. National awareness on issues such as oversight of detention centers, conditions within detention centers, as well as the inhumane practices detained immigrants are subjected to have risen within the last decade. Immigration detention has become the fastest growing form of incarceration in the United States, and immigrants are the fastest growing population in federal prisons (Lopez & Light, 2009). Nearly 30,000 immigrants are detained …show more content…
But it wasn’t until the 1990s when the United States made dramatic shifts in immigration policy with the usage of detention as the primary means of enforcement. After the 9/11 attacks, the Homeland Security Act (HSA) was passed by Congress, which entailed the replacement of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (Coleman, 2007). Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the leading investigative agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the primary purpose of ICE is to promote homeland security and public safety by enforcing federal laws concerning border control, customs, trade, and immigration, (taken from the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement website). The push toward the privatization of detention centers has an essential impact of the global spread of neoliberal policies. These policies have been vigorously promoted by the USA through the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, two development and financial organizations dominated by the USA (Ackerman & Rich, …show more content…
With the exponential increases in government expenditure on immigration enforcement since 2001, private industry accurately views immigration detention as a growth industry, and corporations have therefore devoted their resources to lobbying for those policies and programs that will increase their opportunities to do business with the federal government (DWN.org). Speculations that private prison corporations are more concerned with generating profit rather than the safety and security of detainees have emerged. Human rights violations have become more apparent through raids, deportations, and detentions against immigrants have been rampant with rationalization made in the name of homeland security since 9/11. The potential profitability of ownership and operation of detention centers are not the only means for generating profits, private industries operating within federal, state, and local facilities stand to generate substantial profit from subsidiary industries as well. Under the guise of protection of the general public and homeland security, these private prison systems create an image of being the solution to the “immigration problem,” when in reality most are only concerned
There is an assessed 11 million illegal aliens that are living United States, and this population is projected to upturn by 500,000 yearly. Once a year, about 1 million people that are considered to be aliens are detained when they make the attempt to come in the United States unlawfully. Even though most of these foreigners arrive the United States for financial chances and family reunification, or they are avoiding civil trouble and political unrest, some are offenders, and some could possibly be terrorists. Every one of them is disrupting the United States' immigration laws. With that said, this paper will involve the case study of immigration enforcement and the circumstances around the issue.
In respect to stop the ICE raids the counterinsurgency methods used consist of labeling pre-emptive suspect, confinement, collective punishment, laws, propaganda/ media, and mass incarceration. Labeling Preemptive suspects, allows ICE and other organizations to codify hierarchy and create a social cleavage. This labeling of an innocent as suspect or as criminal prior to any suspicions activity allows those in power participating in racial profiling, and to further create a race base model of inclusion. Confinement is seen when immigrant families are forced to remain in their homes or seek sanctuary in churches isolating them and confining their movement into a limited zone. This action of confinement allows those in power to easily determine people of interest locations. Collective punishment is seen by targeting Hispanic communities. Those who identify as Hispanic or live in Hispanic areas are then targeted as dangerous or potential bodies for deportation. This is similar to mass incarceration where people of color are also targeted and taken to detention centers or prison prior to, or during insurgent efforts. Laws such as the patriot act also codify ideals and practices of inclusion. Patriot act, then validated the government's actions of oppression and fear mongering. Possibly the most effective and dangerous tactics both
Immigration has been one of the largest topics of political conversations recently due to the extreme stances taken towards it with the current presidency. President Trump’s entire campaign was based on promises to take harsh measures against illegal immigration, blaming immigrants for many of the nation’s problems. His rhetoric caused many individuals to take action against those who heavily believe in mass deportation. During his presidency, he unfortunately was able to pass policies that allow the Immigration and Customs Enforcement to be extremely strict and harsh on arresting anyone suspected of being an illegal immigrant. These policies further incite the argument concerning the power balance between federal and state governments, otherwise
After reading the assigned material, I have come to some pretty harsh realizations concerning immigration policy and how it relates to national security both pre and post 9/11. Up until taking this course, I paid only a passing interest to border security. I had some rather broad opinions on its impact on the border states, the enforcement agencies responsible for patrolling the borders, and the porous nature of the seemingly impossibility of accomplishing this task along
In these centers people are treated unfairly in a variety of ways. Congress has set a quota of at least 34,000 people having to be detained everyday and as a result, one of the very first cruelties at this stage of detention is being treated as cattle by letting privately owned prisons make profit off of how many people are in their facilities. The U.S government promotes making money off of undocumented immigrants by setting quotas that are incentivized because once the quotas are met, prisons receive money (Detention Watch Network, and Center for Constitutional Rights). Thus, Congress has put a price tag on the bodies of immigrants, which is very dehumanizing because no human should have monetary value. In addition to being treated as cattle, they are not given proper medical care, not given the right to a trial, they are given very little inedible food, they sometimes don’t have the chance to get fresh air, their lack of ability to speak english is taken advantage of in the way that they don’t tell them what the things they sign mean, they don’t have little to no officials who can translate, and on top of that they are confined in cells like the criminals they are not (Southern Poverty Law Center and Detention Watch Network). Undocumented immigrants can be in these centers for weeks
There is a saying in America; two wrongs don’t make a right! But when money comes into the picture it seems Americans become blind sighted in regards to what is fair treatment, and how far to go for the purpose of wealth. Immigrants have been living and working in this country for hundreds of years legally and illegally. However, post 911 brought on the war on drugs and the war against illegal immigration. The Bush Administration would focus on protecting and securing our borders. Soon it would become big business to crack down on the illegals. State and federal prisons allow private for profit prisons to take over immigrant prisons because they can handle the work load better, build prisons faster, and run them more cost efficient. But do the immigrants deserve to be taken off their jobs, taken away from their family and go to prison? Do they deserve to not only be deported, but to do hard labor, in prison while serving a sentence for a crime? The majority of people speaking out on this topic are for the prisons being built, usually because local economies are suffering with high unemployment rates. But citizens don’t hear the histories of these companies, the treatment the immigrants have to endure, and the issues their families are left with. Americans don’t know about the scandals, the abuse, and the harassment individual’s encounter inside the prisons. As Americans continue to allow for
During a former era, 20 years ago, the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement was detaining nearly 400,000 people in private immigration facilities and county jails, annually. California, second to Texas, was one of the states with the largest amount of immigrant detainees. These people were being held prisoners for being immigrants without the proper documentation required for being in the United States. During that time there were countless problems that our people faced, which led to a considerable amount of effort by the people to make it what it is today, a nation without borders.
The economic components associated with maintaining and operating public prisons in the U.S. has become a prominent topic in recent years. Many anti-prison activist such a Angela Y. Davis and Ruth Wilson Gilmore contend that the involvement of private corporations and the prevailing social ideology have contributed to the radical expansion of prisons in America.
This research will address U.S. immigration, specifically border security. I will evaluate liberal and conservative views on this issue and then present my own ideas.
The need of private detainment facilities has immediately created all through numerous years. Private jails are the operation of a jail by a privately owned business under contract with a nearby, state, or potentially central government, frequently as a revenue driven business. With the gigantic development inside the prison masses coming to fruition because of the War on Drugs and extended usage of confinement, correctional facility clog and expanding costs ended up being logically dubious for neighborhood, state, and focal governments. With this expanding criminal equity framework, private business interests saw an open entryway for improvement, and thusly, private-part nearness in penitentiaries moved from the direct contracting of organizations to contracting for the aggregate organization and operation of entire confinement offices. Close by, the development and increment of private detainment facilities as a few extra associations there are upsides and downsides. On August eighteenth, 2016 The United States Justice Department declared, that it wanted to end its utilization of private jails after "authorities finished up the offices are both less sheltered and less successful at giving remedial administrations than those kept running by the administration" Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates expressed that "they essentially don 't give a similar level of restorative administrations, projects, and assets; they don 't spare considerably on expenses; and as noted in a late
The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 has a mandatory detention provision in 8 U.S.C 1226(c). The issue this pathfinder explores is whether §1226 (c) requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to detain a noncitizen offender who committed a qualifying offense “when the alien is released” from custody immediately or any time after they are released from criminal custody. The language of the statute is ambiguous because it does not provide a time frame for when an alien can be detained after being released from custody for a qualifying offense. The statute is not clear whether “when released” can mean a couple of days after release from custody or years after release.
During the same period, various pieces of legislation got passed ensuring that immigrant detention, in particular, would remain a lucrative growth market. The companies get defensive, however, if anyone attempts to draw a connection between their lobbying efforts and their booming businesses. But whatever the purpose of the lobbying, the very fact that
The Trump Administration is attempting to deal with detainees in sheriff/police departments if suspected of being in the country illegally. Research was conducted through reviews with sheriff’s, a spokeswoman of ICE and the National Immigrant Justice Center in Chicago. The social group this article was intended for, is those with a background of immigration or opposed to the discrimination of immigrants. The fear projected was similar to the other article, because both project the fear that people conceive based on how much they trust their government. However, the difference between this article and the other is that the fear derives off of deportation, whereas the other article, displays fear created by people who put their self ego above others.The topic of fear is illuminated through the numerous facts stating that this “law” may come to be very
Illegal immigration cases have been booming in an unprecedented rate in the U.S. since the late 1990s. To absolve this matter, border security has been enforced throughout the entire country with the objective to reduce the entry of illegal immigrants across the border, wherein such acts to do so has been initiated such as the mass deportation of illegal immigrants, increasing security in national border and screening. This whole initiative has reduced the number of immigrants living in the U.S. However, current findings have proven that increasing enforcement and investment in current method of border security has given a huge negative impact to the nation. Given the methods used to handle this immigration issue, more subtle drawbacks have emerged within the country because of this implementation. The U.S. government should not invest or enforce on current method of border security because it prevents the rapid growth of the U.S. economy, robs away illegal immigrants’ humanitarian civil rights and, surprisingly, causes an influx in the number of illegal immigrants in the country.
Nowadays, we are facing a major experiment in privatization. For example, private companies have entered the business of managing public schools, or religious schools. Also, they even run in prison industry. Among them is Private Prison Corporation of America, which is growing fast in prison industry in the United States. Especially, immigration detention business has brought up massive profit for Private Prison of America. Therefore, corporation is planning to join other private prison corporations by making campaign donation and retaining lobbyist to draft and seek the passage of two laws about anti-illegal immigrant and the Intensive Probation Act that will increase opportunities to do