Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis are Gram-negative bacteria that cause respiratory diseases in animals and humans. The current incidence of whooping cough or pertussis caused by B. pertussis has reached levels not observed since the 1950s. Although traditionally known as a severe acute childhood disease, its recent resurgence has been associated with an increased incidence in vaccinated adolescents and adults. Infected individuals become silent carriers, facilitating transmission and circulation in the population. Similarly, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals continue to be carriers of B. bronchiseptica and shed bacteria resulting in disease outbreaks. The persistence mechanisms of these bacteria remain poorly
Cause: Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory system (nose, throat, lungs and airways) and is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The ‘whoop’ from the cough derives from the deep breaths at the end of each bout of coughing. Whooping cough is very infectious and affects individuals of all ages.
There are several diseases around the world that have not gone away in the last few decades. For instance, HIV, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and more commonly, the Flu, and Measles are deadly diseases that still exist today. However, getting vaccinated will help fight off the disease as the vaccine releases antibodies into your bloodstream. Experts from MedlinePlus say that Pertussis, Diphtheria, and Tetanus are caused by bacteria. Diphtheria and pertussis can be spread to people from coughing and sneezing. Tetanus enters through cut and wounds. Also according to MedlinePlus, “Before vaccines, as many as 200,000 cases a year of diphtheria, 200,000 cases of pertussis, and hundreds of cases of tetanus, were reported in the United States each
For instance, pertussis, or commonly known as whooping cough, “Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection (cdc.gov).” This infection may resemble a common cold; however, it quickly turns into a more serious illness, causing babies or those with compromised immune systems to stop breathing and can become fatal. Babies cannot receive this vaccination until they are two months of age. Most babies who have whooping cough catch it from their caregivers or other family members. Whooping cough spreads easily from person to person, through coughing and sneezing, usually people who spread whooping cough are unaware that they even have it. The best way to prevent this is to receive the pertussis vaccination, DTaP in children and TDaP in adults. If you have received the vaccination in the past, it is always best to ask your health care provider if you are in need of a booster vaccination. Much like other vaccinations, the boosters are just as important as the initial vaccination. The immunity can wear off over time leaving one susceptible to the
What is pertussis, commonly known as “whooping cough”? Whooping cough is an infection of the respiratory
people are vaccinated and health or medical care is less accessible. Pertussis infects a large number of people yearly, and in part have killed many. Schools are also a place of concern for uninfected children to become infected. According to ("Old college try applying", 2015) schools and day cares have had the most concentrated number of cases of pertussis. Preventative measure are imperative so that children do not get the disease.
Every year or season a slightly different flu strain awakens, infecting our human population. This fall it’s the whooping cough, also called pertussis. It is causing many deaths, especially in infants. Many health officials have grown concerned with this unexpected new threat, mainly because the babies are too young to be fully immunized by the illness. It’s essential to understand how this virus is effecting our population and what procedures must be taken in order to prevent it from continuing to spread.
The vacation for bordetella is extremely effective, and your cat only needs to get one shot in order to be vaccination and they will be protected from this disease.
The question left to understand is how to prevent the spread of pertussis to those under one year of age and to those unable to receive the vaccine. Prevention would require different methods to stop the spread of pertussis. Wagner and Clodfelter (2014) explained using simple techniques such as hand
Prior to an immunization was available, pertussis killed around 9,000 individuals in the United States every year. Presently, the pertussis antibody has decreased the yearly number of death to under 30. Be that as it may, as of late, the quantity of cases has begun to rise. In 2004, the quantity of whooping cough cases increased to
Moreover, according to Russell Blaylock, MD, herd immunity conception is “one of the grand lies of the vaccine program” (Obukhanych). According to herd immunity principle, 92-94 percent of population needs to be vaccinated in order to prevent contagious diseases from spreading. Even with 95-97% of vaccinated population, California being a world’s top tourist destination will always be at risk for outbreaks because over six millions tourists visit California each year. As vaccine immunity is only short-term in contrast to disease-conferred immunity which last a lifetime, CDC came up with booster shots. But even despite of accepting “cradle-to-grave shots” of Pertussis vaccine, the disease “still persists after more than sixty years of widespread
Whooping cough is a respiratory illness caused by bordetella pertussis bacteria. This bacteria attaches itself to the tiny hairs that line the respiratory system. Once it has attached, it will release toxins that damage and inflame respiratory system.
Bordetella pertussis diverged from Bordetella bronchiseptica fairly recently, however they are so closely related that they should be considered different strains of the same species, rather than separate species (2). The biggest difference between the two lines are their host populations. B. pertussis infects humans, while B. bronchiseptica has a very large range
E. Based on the existing healthcare setup, there is need to focus on the next five years to develop a clear prevention solution to the pertussis disease(Gabutti et al., 2015). . This is based on the understanding that pertussis disease has been a major public health over the years and its continuous rate of transmission despite the availability of the vaccine makes it even more complicated to find an everlasting solution to the
During the meeting, we will consult with each other on how we can support each other. Because there are only three of us, we need to ensure that each one of us is supported, and that we may need to double up on responsibilities.We all agreed at our week 2 meeting that the pertussis project is going be a positive and fun experience.
The colors, fresh air, smells, and sights. Nature, the most beautiful thing in the world. Right? Well not always. Nature holds some of the world's worst creations ever invented. For example mosquitoes, poison ivy and most of all ticks. You shouldn't cut nature out as a part of your life, but you should rather become more cautious. To help you become more cautious and prevent this disease I will explain the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and preventions.