Braking Control System Design

In my experiment, the control condition would be the driving map. It is important to have a control condition because

The performance of a braking system is based on the raw stopping power and ability for one single use. This comparison will be based purely on stopping power and performance, disregarding things such as;

Objective: During this lab Newton’s Law of static and kinetic friction was studied. The static and kinetic frictional coefficients were found for a block while sliding down a track through experimental trials.

First, I want to explain how the brakes on your car use friction to stop. There are a few major components to the braking system. The major components are the pedal, cylinder, pivot point, brake caliper, brake pads, and rotors. The next thing I am going to tell you about is how the force you apply to the pedal is multiplied to make more force. The pedal is four times as far from the pivot point as the cylinder, so the force at the pedal will be increased by a factor of four. Also the diameter of the brake cylinder is three times the size of the pedal cylinder. This further multiplies the force by nine. Overall the system increases the force of your foot by a pressure of thirty-six. So if you pt ten pounds of pressure on the pedal, there is actually three hundred and sixty pounds applied to the rotor by the caliper. When the caliper pressure is applied it smashes the rotor with the brake pads. This creates friction between them. The more friction you have the faster you will stop. But it will also create a lot of

Steering a vehicle involves getting its front wheels to turn synchronously, either to the left or to the right. This is achieved with the help different gear systems. The two main types of steering gear systems are the rack and pinion, and the recirculating ball type; out of which

As Johnson(1976,p.389-471) claimed,”A good control system should be designed in such a way that it maintains the given control specifications in the face of all disturbances that might act on the system under actual operating conditions.”

Friction is a force that is directed against the direction of motion. It usually acts to slow down the moving object. In some occasions, this force can be useful such as in the case where vehicles are making turns. In these cases, the frictional forces provide the needed force to stay on the track. In this experiment, we used a force sensor and a computer to determine the friction of a sliding block with and without different masses on it.

Input Pedal Force Input pedal force is generally expressed as a maximum force allowed to generate the desired maximum brake line pressure. Again, there are governing agencies that make recommendations to assist in identifying this value. BRAKE ACTUATION CIRCUITS The system designer can accomplish brake actuation in different ways. The use of a direct means of actuation, such as hydraulic pressure to apply the brakes is but one method of brake actuation. Another type of actuation is reverse modulation or negative braking as it is referred to in the European community. Reverse modulation uses hydraulic pressure to release a spring apply brake. Maximum torque is produced when hydraulic pressure is absent either intentionally or due to system failure. The subject of reverse modulation requires further detailed explanation beyond the scope fo this paper. Also beyond the scope of this paper are pneumatic and vacuum boosted hydraulic circuits as it is felt that the trend is clearly away from them toward full hydraulic circuits. This paper will discuss three broad categories of hydraulic pressure actuation circuits, these are:

In order to held this project we began cooperation with Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic who provide us all data sets. Following tables describers more details about our data set. Previews of data sets are shown in APPENDIX 1; APENDIX 2 and APENDIX 3.

These parameters are to be controlled for attaining a steady state motion. For this a control system needs to be designed which provides feedback in response to the errors which are present in the state of motion. [1]

First of all, an appropriate model of under control system should be acquired in predictive control, which is called predictive model. This model should be capable of predicting system’s behavior to provide the designer with required outputs in prediction horizon k using system’s information till the moment t. In mathematic words, it should be able to

This wheel absorbs the kinetic energy from the differential through this mechanism, hence retarding the vehicle.

The main advantage of sliding mode is low sensitivity to plant parameter variations and disturbances which reduces the need of precise modeling. Sliding mode control allows the decoupling of the overall system motion into independent partial components of lower dimension and, as a result, decreases the difficulty of feedback design. Sliding mode control implies that control actions are discontinuous state functions which may simply be applied by straight power converters with “on-off” as the only permissible operation mode. Due to these properties sliding mode control has been proved to be valid to a wide range of problems in robotics, electric drives and generators, process control, vehicle and motion control.

Traffic in developing countries like India is highly heterogeneous in nature, which is characterized by the presence of vehicles of different categories having varying physical and operational characteristics over a wider range. The exponentially rising population in the country, augmentation in the urban road network and a sadvancment in motorization affects the level of service on the road network in general and deteriorates safety specifically at

Road roughness is the deviation of the pavement surface from a true planar surface with characteristic dimension that affect vehicle dynamics, ride quality, dynamic load and drainage , for example longitudinal profile, transverse profile, and cross slope(ASTM E867). By causing vehicle vibrations, roughness has a direct influence on vehicle wear, ride comfort, and safety. The relationship between vehicle operating cost and road roughness are well established through several studies conducted in India and abroad. Roughness measurements are an important factor in making decisions towards spending limited budgets for maintenance and improvements. Due to this, specifications for roughness have been adopted