Chapter 12 World History Study Guide

In 1596- Abraham Ortelius took note that the coastlines of the continents seemed to be too fitting together. He initiated a theory that stated that the continents were probably joined at one point in time and were torn apart between Europe and Africa. In the year of 1912, Alfred Wegener stated that the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangea.

6. What specific actions did Hammurabi take in his attempt to provide for the good order of society and the basic welfare of his subjects?

All empires sought to foster an imperial identity that transcended more local identities and loyalties.

At this point in history, worldly events are whizzing by at an accelerated pace and the 18th century reveals some tumultuous moments that shaped world history in the Americas. At this point South American was settled by Europeans who were still fighting over boundaries and they shared a craving for power, hence the turbulent conditions fostered by Europeans lead to instabilities in South America. Spain and Portugal claimed large South American land masses, while other nations like France and England made attempts to infiltrate sections for themselves which caused further unrest. European quarrels also seeped and influenced the political atmosphere of South America, for example the French revolution interfered with the governing plans of Spain.

1. Humans first appeared on Earth during the Paleolithic Era. The evidence of burial grounds, stone tools, and other items shows a general migration path of humans out of Africa, and support the theory that these groups were nomadic hunters and foragers. Early humans were mobile and could adapt to different geographical settings from savannah to Ice Age tundra. Anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian.

From this divinely-revealed source, the Book of God, Muslims derive the inspiration and impetus for their lives. Passages from the Qur'an are recited during each of the five daily prayers which conscious Muslims observe, and at other times as well. It is Muslims' book of guidance, containing the Message sent to them by God Himself through His noble prophet, Muhammad, believed to be the most perfect of mankind, as a light illuminating their path through this world. It is little wonder, then, that the Qur'an forms the basis of much decorative art throughout the Muslim world, for Muslims consider it an honor and blessing to have its sacred verses embellishing their homes.

Based on the geographical locations of several Muslim societies, distinct interpretations have produced various artistic works. That in fact, the other Muslim communities have condemned these artistic

The Muslim religion had originated from the prophet Muhammad who claimed to have been visited by Gabriel, one of God’s angles, who supposedly exposed the words of God to Muhammad. Because of these events with the interaction between the angel preaching the words of God to Muhammad, it later fashioned the Qur’an which is known today as the Islam Bible. The word Islam and Muslim refers to surrendering to the almighty God and his laws. Soon after, the development of the Sharia was underway. The Sharia, known as Islamic law, sparked the development after the nomadic tribes in the Arabian Peninsula worshiped and adored many gods. Each Arabian tribe has their own system of laws focusing mainly on matrimony, hospitableness, and retribution. The Qur’an, which was fashioned from the angel’s preaching’s to Muhammad, had morals of human behavior which thus began the Islamic law known as Sharia. The Sharia essentially contains laws that benefit men and cripples the almost all

Religion has become one of the biggest diverse topics in today’s society. Throughout the last weeks we have taken the journey to learn about different religions and in this paper I will attempt to take you on that journey with me learning about the Muslim religion. The Muslim religion dates all the way back to 570 BC when the prophet Muhammad was said to be born. Muhammad is considered by Muslims to be the last continuing chain of prophets who has come to restore what they consider real religion. (Fisher, 2005, Para. 1). The Muslims scared book is called the Qur’an, which according to the Muslims revealed a series

Islam is a monotheistic religion taking into account disclosures got by the prophet Muhammad in the seventh century A.D., which were later recorded in the Quran (or Koran), Islam 's consecrated content. Islam has spread quickly during the time and today the religion is, by a few estimations, the biggest on the planet. Devotees of Islam are called Muslims. The Arabic word Islam signifies "accommodation," mirroring the confidence 's focal precept of submitting to Allah. Islamic practices are compressed by the Five Pillars of Islam: confidence, supplication to God, fasting, journey and aid (The Religion of Muhammad, 2015).

The history of the Islamic religion begins in 610 C.E., with Muhammad ibn Abdallah, a merchant who every year during the month of Ramadan would “retire to a cave on the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz, where he prayed, fasted and gave alms to the poor.” This was a common practice for many Arabs in the peninsula. Muhammad was a merchant, a member of the tribe Quraysh which had become quite wealthy trading among bordering countries. The Quraysh were focused on accumulating more wealth but at the expense of the tribe’s poorer family groups, known as clans.

Muslims and non-Muslims alike, do not understand that most of the contemporary problems associated with Islam are mainly based on narrations of the life and practices of the Prophet Mohammed, known as Sunna (traditions). Unfortunately, some of the narrations were compiled two centuries after the death of the prophet, and they have been in the center of the misconceptions that burdened Muslims for centuries.

“An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind.” - Mahatma Gandhi

The Qur 'an is one of the two sacred wellsprings of Muslim lessons. The other is the Sunnah, which comprises of the Prophet 's conventions. The Sunnah

* The Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad consists of his sayings, actions, approval and disapprovals. * žFiqh: