Chemistry: What Chemicals Make Up DNA?

Understanding DNA can take a lot of studying and confusion to even get the general idea of the concept. The structure of DNA is very complicated and complex to understand, but researchers James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin all developed the idea of the DNA structure in 1953. Deoxyribonucleic Acid is found in the nucleus of the cell. It is a double stranded molecule that contains the genetic code and is the main component of chromosomes. DNA is the blueprint of organisms. Nucleotides are the basic unit of DNA and they are made up of sugar, phosphate, and one of the four basis including adenine,

3. The “base-paring rule” in DNA is that adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. Bases that can form pairs in DNA are called a complementary base pair.

The four bases found in DNA are adenine (abbreviated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). A fifth pyrimidine base, called uracil (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.

A and G contain 2 rings and are referred to as purines whereas C and T contain one ring and are referred to as pyrimidines. 2 of those strands combine along to make the acquainted double helix structure of DNA. the 2 strands link to every alternative via interaction between the bottom pairs in a very extremely specific method. A solely pairs with T and C solely pairs with G. This specificity, called complementary base pairing, arises via hydrogen bonds. every C-G pairing involves 3 hydrogen bonds between the bases, whereas every A-T bond involves solely 2 hydrogen bonds leading to a weaker interaction.

sentences. DNA bases pair up with each other, to form units called base pairs. Most DNA

DNA is a molecule that has a repeating chain of identical five-carbon sugars (polymers) linked together from head to tail. It is composed of four ring shaped organic bases (nucleotides) which are Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). It has a double helix shape and contains the sugar component deoxyribose.

A stable DNA structure is formed when the two strands are a constant distance apart. This can only occur when a purine (A or G) on one strand is paired with a pyrimidine (T or C) on the other strand. The purine A can only pair up with the pyrimidine T and the purine G can only pair up with the pyrimidine C. Each letter corresponds to a specific nucleotide base. (Wexler 2) A nucleotide is any part of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA.

One of the most significant accomplishments in forensic science is being able to use DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, to aid in criminal investigations. DNA is found in nearly all cells, both human and nonhuman. Most DNA is found in the nucleus, the center and most important part of any cell, where it is called nuclear DNA. Along with the nucleus, a small amount that can also be found in the mitochondria, called mtDNA. A single strand of DNA holds the hereditary information necessary for cell life to occur. DNA’s hereditary code is made up four bases: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine. Humans have six billion bases and even so, 99.9% of all those bases are the same in everyone. With all of this, there is still room for variation in DNA

The base pairs are very specific on which two can bond together based on the number of rings that they have. Adenine and Guanine are purines, meaning they are composed of two rings. Thymine and Cytosine are pyrimidines which means they are composed of one ring. Purines always bond with pyrimidines, therefore Adenine always bonds with Thymine, and Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. The base pairs are complementary, and almost fit together like a lock and key (CK-12 Foundation, 2017). These nitrogenous bases are bonded together with 1 hydrogen bond. The bases are located in the center of the DNA strand in a specific pattern according to the DNA they are apart of. The name for the base Adenine comes from a greek word “aden” meaning internal gland, and a chemical suffix “ine”. Another base, Thymine, gets its name from thymic acid which it was isolated from, obtained from the thymus gland with the chemical suffix “ine”. Guanine gets its name from guano which the chemical was first isolated from, and the chemical suffix “ine”. Lastly, Cytosine gets its name from “cyto” meaning cell, along with the chemical suffix “ine” that also makes up the other nitrogenous bases (Online Eytmology Dictionary,

DNA is a series of sugars linked together in a specific order. This specific order of sugars: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, with its associated base determines the genetic information that a person will have. Each parent supplies the offspring with complementary strands of DNA passed down in tight structures known as chromosomes. The DNA codes for a specific gene and the nucleotides give the exact order of amino acids/proteins. DNA has the shape of a double helix. This shape is like two spirals wrapped around each other. The shape of DNA is essential to the way in which it functions because

What is DNA? - DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid according to Genetic Home reference is the hereditary in humans and all other organisms. The website said that nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. They say that most DNA is located in the cell’s nucleus, but smaller amounts of DNA can be found in the mitochondria. They said that DNA bases pair up with each other. “A” or adenine goes with “T” or Thymine and “G” or guanine goes with “C” or cytosine. These pairs are called base pairs. According to genetics home reference an important property of DNA is that it can replicate, or make copies of itself. Your Genome said “DNA is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Like a recipe book it holds instructions for making all the protein in our bodies.” They

DNA is a long curved structure, made up of pairs of four specific bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, is the repository of a code from which all of our cells are made. The code is made up of base pairs which look like the

The DNA code is a triplet code which determines the type of amino acids and the order in which they are joined together to form a specific protein. The bases hydrogen bond together by complementary base pairing between strands. Complementary base pairing refers to the structural pairing of nucleotide bases in DNA, which is made up of four nucleotide bases; guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and thymine (T). The adenine base is always paired with the complementary thymine base (U in RNA) and guanine is always paired with the complementary cytosine base.

Genetic make up comes from mutations within DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid. Each cell contains 9 feet of DNA. In an average mean you eat approximately 55,000,000 cells; this is equal to about 93,205 miles of DNA. DNA is formed by a specific type of molecule called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has a phosphate group, sugar group, and nitrogen base. The 4 types of nitrogen bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The order of these bases is what determines DNA’s genetic code. For example, the order of letter in the alphabet can be used to put together a word, the order of nitrogen bases in a DNA sequence can form

Due to the DNA’s specificity, samples can be utilised for identification. DNA is a nucleic acid composed of deoxyribose sugar bound to a phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine). Each section of these three components are referred to as nucleotides, which are joined to the phosphate or sugar of another nucleotide by strong covalent bonds to form a backbone. The nitrogenous bases are joined to complimentary bases of another nucleotide (adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine) to create a double stranded molecule (Figure 2). To complete the double helical structure, the molecule coils to compact it’s contents. DNA molecules can contain up to two million base pairs, with a human genome containing approximately 3 million base pairs. The random assortment of nitrogenous bases as well as the numerous mutations within certain DNA sequences, results in genetically diverese DNA molecules and genomes between individials.