Chlorine Disinfection Process Lab Report

The chemicals that Clorox bleach contains are water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, coco-betaine, fragrance, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide, sodium [olyacrylate, and sodium xylene sulfonate. Sodium hypochlorite has several short term potential health risks such as causing irritation and burns when in contact with skin, causing eye damage and irritation when in contact with eyes, irritating the nose, throat, and lungs upon inhalation, which can cause shortness of breath and pulmonary edema at higher exposures, and can also cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic health effects include bronchitis after repeated exposure to inhalation. Fragrance can cause skin irritation, allergy, and has been linked to organ system toxicity. Sodium carbonate can be corrosive to the gastro intestinal tract if ingested. It can also cause blistering when in contact with skin and can be corrosive to eyes and cause conjuctival edema and corneal destruction. Sodium chlorate can irritate and burn skin and eyes, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as damage the kidneys and affect the liver. High levels of sodium chlorate can reduce the body’s ability to transport oxygen and at very high levels, exposure can lead to death. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to skin and

The bacteria produce a number of products including urease and vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). VacA damages endosomal and lysosomal membranes and leads to cell death. Urease helps increase the environmental pH to become less

When determining which bacteria I wanted to use for this experiment I had to decide on E.coli bacteria which is gram negative and staphylococcus a gram positive bacterium. These were chosen because they are safe enough to grow in a college laboratory and were supplied by the technician. Gram negative bacteria has an outer membrane making it more resistant to antiseptics and antibiotics, it also makes it more fatal to the human host it is inhabiting. Whereas gram

This implies that products of its breaking down, chloramines form very slowly yet there are still a lot of ammonia compounds in water to be broken. On the other hand, the experimental results show that chloramine destruction in water that already had chloramines under the change of pH is exponential with decrease in pH. This also reinforces the importance of pH change in chloramine treatment even if it is

harmful bacteria. It is a chemical used to disinfect water(Department of Health, n.d.,para 2). Chlorine is a yellow-green gas, and has an odor similar to bleach in room temperature (Department of Health,n.d.,para 1). Chlorination can protect people protect people from E-coli, Rotavirus, Salmonella, Adenoviruses, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, all sicknesses (Dewar,2010-2013,para 2). Chlorine is a chemical used to disinfect water.

The leisure pool (swimming pool) is one of the main sources which attracts the public to the centre. In order to keep the pool clean, a chemical known as chlorine. Chlorine is chemical that is toxic, irritant and is pale green. Chlorine is proven is kill bacteria that are hazardous to humans through a chemical reaction. This chemical reaction takes place as once the chlorine is placed in the water it breaks down in to various chemicals which including two chemicals known as hypochlorous acid (HOCI) and hypochlorite ion (OCI-). These two specific chemicals kill microorganism and bacteria by destroying the enzymes inside the cell as the lipids (fats) on the cell walls are attacked by the chemicals. Once this process occurs the cells are oxidized and are made harmless.

Electrically generated copper silver ionization technology has a long track record dating back to more than 50 years. This has given CSI over five decades to evolve into the most efficacious method of eradicating waterborne pathogens. It has also given CSI over five decades of scientifically–based research proving it effectiveness in various setting and on a plethora of waterborne pathogens. No water filtration technology in existence today has as much data surrounding its control of legionella as well as CSI.

Animals actually require chlorine to live as well. When chlorine reacts with sodium, it becomes table salt – a basic everyday ingredient that supports our digestive, muscle, and immune systems.

Chlorine’s main uses or applications vary from large uses or just small needs or wants. These small needs or wants would include things like table salt, sea salt for seasoning, or even rock salt. Larger uses would include things like bleach liquid for clothes and chemical warfares which have since been banned. Chlorine production happens by passing an electrical current through a solution of brine (which is also called electrolysis). Chlorine has no biological roles as inhaling large amounts would lead to fatality although, small amounts were used as medicine in the 50’s.

Chlorinated water kills bacteria because it breaks down into chlorine and oxygen. Both the chlorine is an atom and the oxygen need more electrons are unique for every different

Chlorine is a toxic compound to many life forms, and is known to be an effective substance against life of plants, animals and humans by irritating the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and lungs. However this compound has also been used to preserve human life, as it is more harmful to microbes, and has been used as a disinfectant as early as 1801, consequently was being used effectively to use against the chlorella outbreak in 1831. (Science Clarified, 2016)

Bleach or sodium hypochlorite is a common household cleaner in an average Canadian home, but what is the effect of bleach on human health? Some background information about bleach before we begin is that it is a pale yellow liquid that has a chlorine odor (Sodium 2016). The manufacturers generally supply bleach as a dilute aqueous solution because it is extremely reactive and unstable.  Bleach will eventually decompose into a variety of by-products, such as oxygen, chlorine gas, and salt (Schueller 2014). To prevent this decomposition from occurring too rapidly, bleach should be stored away from light or heat. The active ingredient in sodium hypochlorite; consists of a negatively charged hypochlorite ion (CLO-) and positively charged sodium

Chlorine is the single largest contributor to safe drinking water, in the history of public health. (J.Salzman, 2012). In 1902 the first chlorine disinfection system was installed in Belgium. By the 1920’s nearly the whole world started using the process (HealthLinkBC, 2014). Due to this disinfection process many disease-causing microorganisms were abolished.

They can also cause illness by discharging toxins of two types that can kill cells, exotoxins are released by live bacteria and endotoxins are poisons that are released

The process of chlorinating water for the purpose purifying it, has only been around for just over a hundred years. Although the process has been seen to have a great effect, in reducing the amount of disease caught from drinking water (such as typhoid and cholera), it’s been a heated debate for years. The first case of water being disinfected on a mass scale, was done by a man named John L. Leal. Leal was a physician by profession, but was thought by many to be a bit of a mad man at the time, because of his idea that chlorine had the properties to disinfect water for drinking. It was thought at the time, that if chlorine is poisonous when in a gaseous state, then what’s to say that it’s not poisonous when it’s added to water (creating calcium hydrochloride), which it was (reference 1).Leal spent years of his life observing the effects were when very small amounts of chloride of lime was added to bacteria filled water. He observed in more cases than not that the chlorine of lime in the water, ended up killing almost all of the bacteria while leaving it at a similar PH level of water. During the year of 1908, soon after Leal was given a job at the Jersey City Water Supply, and with the help of his friend George Warren Fuller (an engineer). In complete secrecy they installed a ‘chloride of lime feed facility’ at the Boon Reservoir, which was the main reservoir for Jersey City (reference 1). Three months after he committed this daring act, he was called to court