Civil Wars: The Consequences Of No Government In Somalia

Governments are formed for a reason, because of a bad society. When there is no government,

To begin with, without government, society would be in a state of chaos. Hobbes argues in the Leviathan why people need government: “continual fear and danger of violent; and the life of man, solitary poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” This quote means that without government chaos will reign. Also men will live in fear of death and bad conditions. Jean-Jacques Rousseau stated in his writing The Social Contract “This sum of forces can be produced only by the combination of man”. This quote means that without a combination of man there can be no sum of forces, so without the sum of forces in society how can the people live peacefully. People would steal kill and do other illegal things without

In the 1960s the country of Somalia had finally gained it’s independence from Britain. (“aaregistry”) By 1969 a man by the name of Siad Barre who was chief of state at the time led a military coup or a soldiers act without knowing which political objectives will be achieved because of their actions and used it to abolish Somali democracy and began the a Islamic communist in close friendship with the USSR which is now Russia. The USSR sold him enemies to use against foreign and domestic enemies. Somalia declared war against Ethiopia to try and gain the Ogaden desert back for the Ogaden tribe which Siads mother had belonged too. Somalia had lost tragically which had caused an economic crisis and caused tensions between the people and the Somali government. In 1988 tensions between the Isaaq tribe and the government rose and caused a mass genocide which resulted in thousands of deaths and fleeing refugees. (“Combatgenocide”)

The Somali Civil War, which has lasted from 1991 to the present, spurned a migration of Somali refugees from their home country, which is still at war today in 2017, to the United States of America. Between 1980 and 2014, over 9,500 Africans immigrated to Colorado, and from 2000 to 2010, over 2,200 of these refugees arrived from Somalia. With this significant influx of refugees from Somalia in recent years, the issue of relations between Somali immigrants and the dominant group in Colorado, white citizens, has been addressed in different ways. The subject of this study is one particular town in Colorado called Ft. Morgan. The interactions between the two social groups in question might suggest that the nature of the relationship between Somali immigrants and natives of Ft. Morgan is an assimilation.

Today, twenty-six years after the end of the Cold War, the United States foreign policy has shown its many flaws. Out of the copious conflicts the U.S. has found itself involved in, many have had unsatisfactory and unexpected endings. Somalia in 1992, for example, had begun as a simple humanitarian aid mission, later ending with nearly 150 U.S. servicemen and thousands of civilians dead in the Somali Civil War. About a year after this turmoil, the U.S. created new policies and mandates, creating a more organized and planned approach for later conflicts, such as Haiti. After both diplomatic and military peacebuilding tactics failed in Somalia, the United States must develop and uphold guidelines for when, where, and why the United States should enter conflict, similar to how the United States handled Haiti.

Chapter 1: History of colonialism and the failure of the Somali state: The African Continent has been the place that is known as a mystery for the Europeans. Despite of the fact Europeans knew little about the mainland, its people, traditions, conventions, but a considerable measure of them were profoundly inquisitive about the landmass, and most importantly its natural resources and raw materials. In the 19th century, European kingdoms began to give careful consideration to Africa and a great deal of researchers, explorers and travelers overflowed Africa. The African mainland was brimming with great sights, beautiful creatures, interesting scenes and indigenous individuals with their own way of life and this life, which was totally not the

So that leads us to the next question of inevitability. Inevitable means something is certain to happen or unavoidable. It can be argued that our society could function without a government structure in place. We have seen main stream media and reality television attempt to demonstrate this in programs such as Utopia created by Fox. However, what happened and will always happen is the formation of a natural hierarchy. With those with necessary desirable skills put above others in a pecking order. In addition, the size of the group does not matter, whether its 10 or 10,000 people, someone will undoubtedly step forward. Preventing anarchy and chaos from prevailing. Now, not all

Somalia has passed through cycles of war that disintegrated the country, demolished lawful organizations and created a far-flung weakness, therefore, the Gross Domestic product (GDP) per human and capita evolution results are among the lowest in the whole world (World Bank, 2015). The majority of Somalis live in extremely poverty, according to Rural Poverty Portal in 2012, 62 percent of the population was rural.

After decades of civil war and instability, Somaliland, a poor African nation had few banks. To overcome this problem, the country successfully cultivated mobile technology to carry out day to day transactions instead of cash. Even the street vendors in Somaliland accepts payments made through the mobile phone. On an average, a person does 34 transactions per month through their phone. 51 out of 100 people have mobile subscriptions and approximately 40% use the mobile money accounts.

Somalia is on the eastern part of Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia. It is almost five times the size of Alabama and it is slightly smaller than Texas. Before being Somalia the country was divided into three parts: British Somaliland, Italian Somaliland and French Somaliland. The Italian part and the French part joined together and made Somalia. The French part became an independent country called Yibuti. From the unification in 1960 until 1969 the president was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke. He was assassinated. In 1969, a coup headed by Mohamed Siad Barre ushered in an authoritarian socialist rule characterized by the persecution, jailing, and torture of political opponents and dissidents. After the

To get further acquainted with the severity of the unrest and overall political, social, and economic status of the Sudan, it is paramount that the country’s past be brought to light. Since declaring independence in 1956, The Republic of Sudan has experienced multiple civil wars. These are usually caused by dissatisfaction with the government in power as citizens are constantly repressed politically, economically, and culturally. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 aimed to end the violence but only managed to lead to the independence of South Sudan in 2011 and otherwise had little to no impact on areas still warring because of poor implementation of the agreement. The conflict has, at times, been referred to as a “civil war of interlocking civil wars” (insightonsudan.org). In 1998 a famine hit Sudan, causing the warring factions at the time to take over the food supplies and use them as weapons against the people. In the end, over 2 million people died and more than 4 million found themselves displaced. This lead to a coup that would eventually leave Omar al-Bashir the president. Under this new rule, The Sudan began an era of governmental repression and saw the conditions of their country deteriorate due to the violence.

The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars: Peace or Truce by Douglas H. Johnson is a phenomenal investigative account of North and South Sudan. The book should be praised for providing an insightful introduction into Sudanese domestic and foreign affairs. Although particular sections in the book are tough to understand with no background knowledge, Johnson makes his argument available to a broad set of readers. Johnson offers a precise and detailed argument that explains how the country resulted in war by the past and present history of the country. The book argues that Sudan has maintained a corrupt relationship with its borders. Johnson explains his analysis by the examples of the First Civil War, in addition to his main focus on the

Somalia’s struggle for power to establish a sovereign Somali state has raised international concerns of terrorism, piracy, human trafficking and famine causing instability locally and throughout the Horn of Africa. Although U.S. backed Somali Federal Government (SFG) has had some recent success against the al Qaeda (AQ) linked al-Shabaab, Somalia continue to face local and regional border disputes. Somalia has historically relied on outside actors who later abandoned Somalia due to a shift in foreign policy and interest. This paper will prove that the power for struggle in Somalia is the root cause of instability in Somalia and throughout the Horn of Africa. This will be explored by examining Somali’s regional relations, U.S and

Somaliland announced its secession from Somalia in 1991 and has operated as a more or less independent country ever since. It has its own president, parliament and constitution. It even boasts a central bank that prints its own currency, the Somaliland shilling. The peaceful existence of its three million mostly Muslim, but secular, residents contrasts sharply with the disorder and instability of Somalia. The world, however, has refused to recognize Somaliland. Reluctant to encourage other separatist movements, the West remains committed to supporting the embattled Transitional Federal Government in Somalia, which opposes its separation.

From 1960, when Somalia got its independence, Somalia Republic was a constitutional democratic state with a constitution approved by a referendum. From 1960 to 1969, the constitution got rid of a civilian, legislative governance structure and protected human rights under the rule of two consecutive and democratically-voted governments. In 1969, bloodless military takeover took place and suspended the constitution. As a result of the oppressive rule of Siyad , there was massive dissatisfaction and revolt locally and also minimum participation of the global community in resolving the disaster that was building up in the country. The military