Rise Of Somalia Research Paper

The history of Somalia is a bloody one, filled with failed occupation, anarchy and civil war. Early Somalia established itself as a merchant state. Its key geographical location by the natural strait between the Horn of Africa and Yemen made it a focal point for trade.This essay will explore the history of internal struggles of the Somalilands and its many wars. It will investigate the colonial influences and conflicts between Somalia and its imperial occupiers and how these influences set the stage for future conflicts between the clans. Also, it will attempt to define the reasons why Somalia has become a failed state. The importance of United States foreign policies will be discussed as they have

Due to these instabilities within Somalia, it was essential for the UN, EU, and AU to combine their efforts and form an

Somalia gained its independence from British control in 1960, where the British relinquished control and gave Somalia to the United Nations. Somalia was governed by civilians until 1969; after which the military rebellion by General Muhammed Siad Barre took place. General Muhammed

Somalia is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, and the Indian Ocean to the east. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains, and highlands. It is made up of the former British Protectorate of Somaliland and Italy’s former Trust Territory of Somalia. Somalia’s modern history began in the late 1800’s, when European powers began to trade and settle in the Somalia area. These events and the events that occurred during the 20th century helped shape the modern Somalia government and culture today.

After a gunfight that killed twenty four Pakistani soldiers, a resolution was passed by the United Nations. This resolution called for the arrest of all the people involved in the attack. In a country such as Somalia where the soldiers and civilians wear the same types of unrevealing clothes, it became impossible to pinpoint the exact people responsible, so they looked to capture General Aidid specifically. The Battle of Mogadishu also known as Day of the Rangers was part of operation Gothic Serpent. This fight is also called the “First Battle of Mogadishu” to differentiate between later battles in the city like the “Second Battle of Mogadishu” in 2006. The joint force sent into Mogadishu to eliminate the self- proclaimed President Mohamed Farrah Aidid was a team comprised of various elite Special Forces. These special force units were from Air Force special operations, Navy SEALS, and Army Delta forces. As a team they were called Task Force Ranger. These are some of the most highly trained warriors on the planet put together to take out a small group of men. This task force was activated to take out two of Aidids’ highest

The Isaaq genocide was perpetrated by the Somalian Government during a small span from 1988 to 1991. The victims of the Isaaq tribe in Northern Somalia were targeted because of leader Somalian leader Ziad Barre’s desire to control their trade and land. Barre made the executive decision to start the removal of the Isaaq tribe and gave support to the Ogaden people to assert his order.

Then, United Somalia Congress divide into multiple clans which escalate the turmoil through inter-clan warfare. Such warfare destroyed the economy, and left hundreds of thousands of Somalians to perish of starvation.

With the absence of Mohamed Siad Barre, the country had no proper government to run it. Faction groups started forming in Somalia to take control. In 1992, there was killing and starvation in the south of Somalia (Global Security 1). The U.N. sends peacekeeping operations into Somalia. In addition, the United States started sending troops into Somalia. In 1994, there was too much casualties in Somalia, so the U.S. soldiers withdrew from Somalia with the problems still unsolved (Phil Stewart 1). Fishermen started taking advantage of the bad condition Somalia is in and started raiding different fishing ports. The Somalians started to fight back. The Somalians began to raid and became pirates. Some observers say that the Somalians pirates are usually poor folks trying to get their fortune back (Ishaan Tharoor

Somalis use the word burbur (‘catastrophe’) to describe the period from December 1991 to March 1992, when the country was torn apart by clan-based warfare and factions plundered the remnants of the state and fought for control of rural and urban assets. Four months of fighting in Mogadishu alone in 1991 and 1992 killed an estimated 25,000 people, 1.5 million people fled the country, and at least 2 million were internally displaced.

The Somalia republic celebrated their independence in July 1960 but for many Somalia people there was little to celebrate. Those who were living in border of Kenya still in rule of Britain flag. The Somali in Djibouti still under French empire and western part of Somalia under control of Ethiopia. Even though I am Ethiopian I feel guilty for the division of Somalia. Their dream to be united sadly drive them apart.

Something in the shape of anger-as-madness sticks in Malik’s gullet every time he visits a country in the throes of civil strife, but what makes this time unbearably hard to take is that this is his father’s country, a land of which his father has seldom spoken with affection. … Malik is of the view that perhaps an empire of a different thrust is now at work in Somalia. The Muslim world, from what he can tell, is at a crossroads, where several competing tendencies

This Civil War lasted for a time of 1988 to 1992. The most dangerous years of this Civil War considered being “throughout 1991 through 1993 because of the high mortality and starvation rate throughout the country” (Leslie P. Boss, Michael J. Toole, and Ray Yip). This country was currently in a state of chaos and was greatly in need of foreign assistance. It was the duty of the United States to support the Somali people and start to set their country straight. Throughout this period of American support to help restructure the country plenty of operations have been set to enforce the peaceful changes. Some of these military operations are Operation Provide Relief, Operation Restore Hope, Operation Continue Hope, and Operation United Shield. Operation Provide Relief was created because of the continuing efforts of the American people trying to airlift food to the Somali people. This operation was destroyed because local gangs throughout the country of Somalia took control of the airlifted food and used the food as a currency throughout the torn country. These penalties led to the “starvation of thousands and the manipulation of the Somali people” (Stewart). Due to this cycle of constant overlapping chaos Operation Restore Hope began. Operation Restore Hopes main mission was to send troops on the ground in Somalia and ensure all people of Somalia were fed. Operation Continue Hope was created due to more aggressive

In 1969, General Mohamed Siad Barre carried out a military coup that made him president of the state that had recently won its independence nine years earlier. Some of Barre 's aged tactics for dealing with Somalia 's fledgling Islamist movements pushed the groups and gave them momentum. When Muslim leaders denounced reform of Somali family law, Barre executed ten prominent scholars and prosecuted hundreds more to asset his authority and to diminish the hopes of any others that might’ve felt the same. In response, "underground organizations proliferated in every region in defiance of the faith against the 'Godless socialists,” (Abdurahman M. Abdullahi.) Barre ruled for more than

The UICs finally became undeniable political player through dialogue. The TFG president Abdullah Yusuf Ahmed was ready to offer sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed for the prime minster position until sheikh Hassan Turki (UICs Ras Kambini wing) invaded kismayo, which was seen as violation of peace and reconciliation process, which could’ve make Sheikh Sharif the Somali Prime Minster.

Comprehending the history of the “Horn of Africa” is important in order to understand its effect on Somali ethnic groups. Unlike most of African nations, Somalia is made up of single, homogeneous ethnic groups (Lewis). Somalia shares a uniform language, religion, and culture that leads to a common ancestor. In the mid 1800s, Somalia was broken down into several territories by Colonies. The French controlled the northern region (the area that is now Djibouti), the British colonized northern Somalia (creating a country called British Somaliland), Italians governed southern Somalia (creating Italian Somaliland), Ethiopia controlled the region of Ogaden, and Kenya controlled the northern border that contains Somalis (Lewis). In 1900, “British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland peacefully obtained independence and were united to form the current borders of Somalia” (Lewis). After World War II, British gain control of Ogaden which was designated as part of Ethiopia. Military conflict arose between Ethiopia and