Cohort Study Design

A case study involves in-depth research and documentation of one person or more than one person. Researchers gain a large insight into the case when it’s not as many people compared to surveys, which is one of its strengths. The advantages of a case study are a deeper understanding of the patient, and the researcher doesn’t ‘t have to do anything against his or her ethics. The disadvantages of a case study are time consumption, and it’s hard to generalize since case studies are usually unique cases unlike anything else. Case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observations are all descriptive research methods, since they cannot make predictions or determine causality.

When a question has been identified the best study design can be chosen. For a prognosis question, a good quality cohort study would be used. For a non-compliance question, a qualitative study would be appropriate and for the effectiveness of treatment a systematic

Section B (A02): I will be focusing on how diseases are distributed within the population, factors affecting the cause and distribution of diseases and compare the differences between my two chosen diseases (one communicable and one

A case study is defined as a full, detailed picture of a participant or a small group of other participants. While a correlational study can suggest that both variables have a relationship that exists. An experiment is where the experimenter’s hypothesis is tested to see whether it works. Typically, the experimenter has an independent variable (the cause) where they can manipulate the variable and as well as the dependent variable (the effect).

3. Sample Population: Who exactly was used in the study? How many? (Be as specific as possible.)

What types of epidemiological studies would be most useful to help one gather data, descriptive or analytical studies, and why?

They are also advantageous in that they are much more cheaper than other studies as the data’s have already been collected and are able to to analyse and determine multiple outcomes (Mann, 2003). That is because, the collection of data is mainly the aspect that requires the use of resources. Furthermore, retrospective cohort studies also an advantage for the absence of bias as the current interest of the study was not the interest when the data was collected (Mann, 2003). Therefore, researcher bias is for the most part

In population-based studies, instead of looking at a small group of individuals to make an assumption on the entire population, we are taking numbers that represent the population and determining

The study will be separated into two groups, one will be the experimental group that will receive the intervention while the control group will receive pain medication. The intervention that the

The type of study- The type of study was a case control (observational) study of two populations. Schlesselman and Stolley (1982 p. 14) argue that in a case control study, “individuals with a particular condition or disease (the cases) are selected for comparison with a series of individuals in whom the condition is absent (the controls).” This study included chosen people who had multiple sclerosis compared to those who did

Meliker, et al. (2010) used the case-control study design because they wanted to compare bladder-cancer patients to non-cancer study participants to determine if there is a relationship between the arsenic exposure from the drinking water and the risk of developing bladder cancer.

Observational epidemiology is a study of disease where “the investigator ascertains exposure and outcome without assignment to an intervention” Observational studies have made important contributions to the knowledge and understanding of health-related conditions. These studies usually involve a large group of individuals as in a community. The purpose of this type of study is to determine the

The participants of clearly the individuals from three separate cohorts, however the researchers do no specify if all individuals in each of the three cohorts are sampled or if only a portion of them participated in the research. This is an important issue that needs to be addressed by the researchers, although the number and sex of participants from each cohort is reported, the differences in sampling selections could present a significant difference in the conclusions obtained from the research data.

The drawback to cross-sectional studies is the inability to express cause and effect relationships between the variables being tested. Or to make a convincing observation in regards to the course of the connection between variables.It is because of the concept of the snapshot at the single moment, that prevents the consideration of before and after that specific moment is analyzed (What researchers mean by cross-sectional vs. longitudinal studies.,2009). As it relates to longitudinal studies, they are observational as well. However, it is over an extended period. Like cross-sectional studies, the researchers are not entering with the participants or respondents. This method studies the same subjects several times over a period of years. This technique gives the scholar the ability to measure the change of data to be collected over time. Longitudinal studies come in three prominent types panel, cohort, and retrospective. The panel study is a representative sample of participants, and the retroactive study utilizes historical data that is sometimes compared to improved

A study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various stages of the research. Study types can be classified severally depending on the research strategy employed. A study type can be non-interventional that is ‘observational’ where a researcher just observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non-interventional study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or comparative. A study can also be