Comparison Analysis Of PSO And SMO

Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF): Geographic Adaptive Fidelity is an energy-aware location based routing algorithm planned for mobile ad-hoc networks but has been used to WSNs. Geographic Adaptive Fidelity conserving energy by switching off redundant sensors nodes. In this routing protocol, the entire network is classified into number of static zones and a virtual grid is made for the covered region. Every node utilizes its GPS-indicated location to link itself with a point in the virtual grid. Nodes linked to the same point on the grid are assumed equivalent with respect to packet routing costs. Nodes within a zone cooperate by choosing one node to show the zone for a period of time whereas the rest of the nodes sleep. A sample situation is considered from

The Hierarchical Power Aware Routing (HPAR) is a power aware routing protocol that divides the network into a group of sensors called zones [12]. In this, the cluster zones are formatted, then the decision is made that how message is routed so the battery life can be maximized. This protocol provides an approximation algorithm called max-min ZPmin algorithm. In this algorithm by applying Dijkshtra algorithm the path who consumes less power is found. Then the second path is found that maximizes the minimal residual power. The advantage is that it provides both transmission power and maximizes battery

In this section, we present the details of proposed protocol. Our protocol implements the idea of probabilities for cluster heads selection based on initial energy and residual energy of sensor nodes as well as the average energy of the sensor network.

Figure 10 shows the results between the hybridg algorithm compared to other algorithms with various mathematical functions as presented by privous sessions. It is cleard to see that the hybride algorithm performed better than other techniques. Surrprisingly, the Ackley function performed closely to the hybride algorithm. Figure 11 - 14 shows that PSO reached the optimal result very quickly because this algorithm works as a local search which makes a narrow space for the search of a solution, rather than other algorithms which work as a global search

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

Thanks for offering your support or guidance for us. In our unit there are many CO’s have a potential and experience with them and they would like to apply for the SCO. However, some of them are hesitant to take this opportunity because they have not given opportunity for acting up as ASCO.

Across Five Aprils Let’s say you were Jethro Creighton the youngest member of the family and you just got terrible news that a war was about to start and they were calling it the Civil War. There was a lot of fear and anxious talking among all the adults. Jethro has no idea about war and what it means and how it might affect him and his family. But he is about to find out.

4 different thresholding algorithms are calculated and the one which covers results of other selected thresholds is applied on the optimal single-channel image

T.F.Chen [9] segmentation is the process of portioning the images, where we need to find the particular portion, there are several methods segmentation such as active contour, etc. segmentation can be done both manually and automatically. Here the new technique of segmentation known as level sets segmentation are described, the level set segmentation reduces the problems of finding the curves which is enclose with respect to the region of interest. The implementation of this involves the normal speed and vector field, entropy condition etc. The implementation results produced was two different curves, which can be splitted.

Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is now a significant power system optimization problem. The TEP problem is a large-scale, complex and nonlinear combinatorial problem of mixed integer nature where the number of candidate solutions to be evaluated increases exponentially with system size. The objective of the TEP is to determine the installation plans of new facilities, lines and other network equipments. The main goal of this paper centers on the application of Biogeography -Based Optimization (BBO) for the transmission planning systems and it is one of mathematical methods (algorithms) to get the optimal planning.

3.2.18 MST-PSO: Minimum Spanning Tree-PSO Authors proposed a base spreading over tree-PSO based clustering algorithm of the weighted chart of the WSNs. The optimized route between the nodes and its cluster heads is looked from the whole ideal tree on the premise of energy

Software designs and programming approaches for the middleware design should facilitate the balance between communication and computing. Energy awareness, routing, efficient resource utilization and data delivery have always been the key parameters for an efficient programming model for WSN.

Roshan Singh Sachan et al (2012), “Misdirection Attack in WSN: Topological Analysis and an Algorithm for Delay and Throughput Prediction”, 2012 There are various types of attack that the wireless sensor network faces. There are a lot of instances that have been occurring in which the detection of the attack of DoS and misdirection attacks has not been possible. The node in misled in such a way that the node reaches to any other node except for the destination node. The degradation of performance occurs due to such cases. Here in the article such an attack has been proposed on the topological analysis of the wireless network. An algorithm is proposed which will provide a help for the assistance in throughput and delaying of the packets. Better performance is observed in the tree network topology than in the mesh topology network [7].

Image Segmentation is concerned about segmenting the image into various segments using various techniques. In early days a semi-automatic approach was being used to detect the exact boundaries of the brain tumor. However the semiautomatic methods were not very successful as they had human induced errors and were time consuming. A better application of tumor detection was made by introducing fully automated tumor detection systems. Various methods have been proposed like Markov random fields method, Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering, Otsu’s thresholding, K-Mean’s, neural network. In this project, four different algorithms namely Otsu’s method, Thresholding, K-means method and Fuzzy c-means and PSO have been used for designing the brain tumor extraction system. Various segmentation techniques which will be used in this project to segregate the different regions on the basis of interest are described as follows:

World Wide Web). The nodes can be static or dynamic [24]. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) will continue to play a very important role in our day to day lives. A WSN contains of sensor nodes that are powered by little unique batteries. These sensor nodes are densely arranged in the area to be monitored to sense and transmit information towards the base station. WSN can simplify structure design and operation, as the environment being monitored does not need the communication or energy infrastructure connected with wired networks [25].