Complexity and Tractability
The area of tractability explores problems and algorithms that can take an impossible amount of computation to solve. Tractable problems can be roughly defined as problems that can be solved in a reasonable amount of time, while intractable problems are those which take too long to solve to be useful. Finding solutions to these problems is a key problem in computer science today and has been for many years. It is also important for a computer scientist to recognise intractable problems as it would be a huge waste of time trying to write a program to an intractable problem. It would be better to recognise this and take a different more suitable approach that would save time and effort but also would come up with a valid solution. However there are advantages to making a problem intractable though as when securing things using intractable codes which cannot be hacked into easily. Complexity can be simply defined as a rough estimation of amount of time it takes a particular algorithm to solve a problem. This is not only measured in time but can be expressed as the number of steps taken in order to solve a problem. It is important to be able to measure the complexity of a problem as this can help to indicate how good/effective an algorithm will be and whether it is tractable or not.One of the most popular intractable problems that has been found is the Traveling Salesman problem. This problem represents a salesman who wants to find the shortest
Yes a system can be both complicated and complex, for example the internet Search Engines like
The situation of what is challenging because it is either too complex or just not easy for you to understand. Then assessing the different learning styles, as well as you just may not be good at the subject.For example, in Algebra 2 class when we were learning about exponential
According to Butts and Rich (2015), complexity science is a knowledge founded on physics and mathematics that operates using basic principles to elucidate the connection between variables. Butts and Rich add that complexity science is a developing field of interest that is catching the attention of scholars from different disciplines because it provides a different viewpoint on various phenomena of interest. According to Sturmberg and Martin (2009), although there has been an ongoing push for application of complexity science in health care, this is not an attempt to eradicate the reductionistic view. Complexity science only aims to fabricate a new and more comprehensive understanding of the world by unifying both the holistic and reductionist viewpoint (Sturmberg & Martin, 2009).
One easily understandable example of an irreducibly complex system is a mousetrap. A typical mousetrap consists of five parts: a wooden base, a metal hammer, a spring, a catch that is sensitive to pressure, and a metal bar that holds the hammer back. In Darwin’s Black Box, Behe uses the mousetrap as an example of irreducible complexity because it is evident that all parts are necessary for the trap to function properly. The platform is necessary to hold all the other pieces together. Without the hammer the mouse would not be trapped, and without the spring the mouse could easily scurry away after the trap closed loosely. If your trap was missing the catch or the metal bar, the trap would snap shut long before any mouse appeared. Behe goes on to say that there are certainly other ways of catching a mouse, such as shooting
In the prior chapter, I established both the multiplicity and malleability of identity and its role in conflict transformation. I will now explore the literature on complexity science and systems thinking. More specifically, I investigate the self as a complex adaptive system to support the transformation of self, society, and conflict. First I will look at complexity science and systems thinking to bring some clarity and definition to the inquiry, then I will explore the sciences that attribute the self as a system, and furthermore, as a complex adaptive system in order to illuminate the various aspects of self that contribute to transformative processes.
The book Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers is the New Way describes how number crunching affects your live in so many different ways. Number crunchers are people who use data to try to predict specific outcomes such as what conditions will create a legendary vintage of wine. A super cruncher is a new breed of number cruncher who analyzes massive datasets to discover correlations between unrelated things such as poor credit scores and the likelihood of getting into an accident. The super crunching has made it easier to find correlations between random unrelated pieces of data. With the advancement of technology, companies are able to store massive databases full of data an example would be Google that has about four petabytes of stored data for crunching. Super crunching helps businesses to increase their efficiency by knowing how to strategically place products in their stores.
Throughout history, women are made to seem unintelligent and helpless and men are seen as the only ones entitled to power. This injustice is present in the media all the time. What is not typically shown is the great injustice that men face when dealing with the social norms, that ‘all they can do is work’. These stigmatisms not only places restrictions on women and their opportunities, but also place similar restrictions on men. The ideas addressed in “Dads of Tech”, “Data’s Work is Never Done”, and “Paternity Leave: The Rewards and the Remaining Stigma” provide an insight into both perspectives.
In the never-ending search for an answer to the question of “why,” it is important to understand that there is never one sole catalyst to events, behaviors or actions. Analyzing the murder cases of Aileen Wuornos, it is important to understand her psychological and biological predispositions that may have made her more susceptible to provocation. These aspects can be further scrutinized by focusing on the trait theory of criminology.
Numerical analysis can be defined as the design and analysis of techniques to give approximate but accurate solutions to difficult problems. I find this interesting because by using numerical analysis one can find different tricks or methods of understanding or solving a problem. Many theories within mathematics come from numerical analysis. It's been in practice for centuries and without it, simple mathematical operations such as solving a system of equations might not exist. Furthermore, the theory of computation also interests me due to the fact that it tests the limitations on what computers can and can not do. According to Wikipedia, the theory of computation is split into three different branches: automata theory and language, computability theory, and computational complexity theory. In fact, one of the most commonly used models used when studying computation is the Turing machine. This is because it is simpler to analysis and represents everything a computer could
How do you explain why some people are able to achieve things that seem impossible? What is happening worldwide is a big concern to all. People are riding on top of everything, on roofs, in between luggage racks, etc. Suitcases, boxes, pieces of expensive furniture, and such lined on the road. Many people are on foot, walking across the plains or alongside the roads. Some were knocking on windows, holding up all kinds of stuff. A few women were exposing themselves. They must have been looking to trade. There were a few people lying by the side of the road, barely moving or not at all. People were running past them, carrying stuff, carrying children, or just running. I now know why. Those creatures referred to as “zombies”
D. What are chaos and complexity theories? how might they help us do better sociology, or at least help us have more realistic understanding of what is possible in sociology?
Complexity deals with multiple systems, various elements, under numerous conditions arising from different relationships. They’re difficult to understand & identify.
The implications of infinity (co) are actualiy not that old. The Greeks were some of the first mathematicians recorded to have imagined the concept of infinity. However, they did not actuaily delve into the entirety of this number. The Greeks used the term “potentially infinite," for the concept of an actual limitless value was beyond their comprehension. The actual term “infinity” was defined by Georg Cantor, a renowned German mathematician, in the late nineteenth century. It was originally used in his Set Theory, which is a very important theory to the mathematical world. The value of infinity can get a bit confusing, as there are different types of infinity. Many claim that infinity is not a number. This is true, but it does have a value. So, infinity may be used in mathematical equations as the greatest possible value. i The value of infinity Infinity (00) is the greatest possibleivalue that can exist. However, there are different infinities that, by logic, are greater than other forms of itself. Here is one example: to the set of ait Naturai numbers Z43, 2, 3, 4,...}, there are an infinite amount of members. This is usualiy noted by Ko, which is the cardinality of the set of alt natural numbers,
Q: The video overview suggests the considerable complexity in PT Sails manufacturing. Do you think the complexity of a manufacturing business is less for a small business than a large one? Explain why or why not?
Throughout the course of history, scientific discoveries have led to the birth of new knowledge. Humanity’s increase in knowledge has helped to achieve new heights of understanding in a variety of fields such as medicine, nuclear power, and nuclear weapons. While some of these achievements in science can generate much prosperity, some technology has created significant amounts of controversy. The Honors 2400 class entitled The Chernobyl Incident has granted me over the course of the semester the opportunity to analyze these scenarios and understand the challenging questions that are associated with the pursuit of knowledge. From many examples discussed in class, I understand the importance of limiting knowledge, the discoveries that humanity should or should not pursue, how individuals pursue confined questions, and who is ultimately responsible for approving or disapproving of these scientific questions.