Computer Science and Technology

Circuit switching: On this type of technique a physical path and a dedicated single connection is provided to two end points in the network for the duration of the link.

Networking is not new; it has been around for a long time. The way networking is done changes all the time; let’s look briefly at the past and how networking has changed over the years.

Both circuit-switching and packet-switching are methods of data communication between two parties. In circuit switching, both parties agree on a specific path which the data will travel along while the connection is open using a resource optimization algorithm before the transmission begins. The route is used exclusively for the entire session and only released when the session is terminated.

The signaling method is used to create a circuit. This signaling method only carries and control the information, and considering the overhead. Overhead is the most important part in the circuit switching. It is assumed that the signaling and per-circuit state manage to make the circuit switches are very difficult and hard to design, operate and the configuration also.

- Controlling subnet traffic to allow an intermediate system to instruct a sending station not to transmit its frame when the router’s buffer fills up. If the router is busy, the network layer can instruct the sending station to use an alternate destination station.

In order to have a greater understanding of the terminology and descriptions offered in this paper, we must first understand what a network switch is. A brief definition of a network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments. It uses the logic of a Network bridge, but allows a physical and logical star topology. It is often used to replace network hubs. A switch is also often referred to as an intelligent hub.

First off, a network is defined as “two or more computers that are connected via software and hardware so they can communicate with each other”(Evans). Networks allow a user to access the Internet, share printers and other devices, share files, and ultimately communicate with other devices. The branch of networking to

A network is two or more devices e.g. computers, mobile phones being connected together so that they can exchange data with each other. There are many connections available between the devices that would create the network; the most common in computers is using wires, such as a CAT-5 cable which specialises in carrying signals in a network. The types of networks are:

a. Network – A group of two or more computer systems connected to each other.

A computer network is a communications network that permits CPUs to interchange information. In computer networks, interacted computing devices pass information to each other along data networks. Data is moved in the form of packets. The connections (network links) between nodes are recognised using either cable media or wireless media. The computer network that is best known is the Internet. Network computer devices that instigate, route and dismiss the data are called network nodes. Nodes can contain hosts such as private computers, phones, servers as well as networking

Networking is a vast area and it is further divided into different categories. Mainly we describe a network as wired and wireless. Wired network or Ethernet networks are the LANs (local area networks) which are basically a connection between two or more computers defined in a managed topology. It is the fastest network having connection speed of 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps or higher than that. For using a wired connection, a system must have a NIC (network interface card).

high load to the network so that the estimates are based on peak time traffic and would work well

Computer network: the connection of computers and computing peripherals either using wires or radio waves over a small or large geographical areas. E.g. interconnection of many computers to a single printer. Depending upon the area covered computer network can as classified as PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN.

Data are moved from the source to the destination as separated packets, as demonstrated in the Figure 3-A. Particularly, different paths are created for each packet of the same connection due to the immediate routing decision of every network device (Cisco, 2005). Therefore, SDN centralises the routing decision in a controller and leads all related packets of a single connection to a single path (see Figure 3-B.)

Nuts and bolts of computer networks. Computer networks consist of end systems, packet switches, and communication links. End systems—also called hosts—include desktop PCs, laptops, hand-held network devices (including cell phones, PDAs, and BlackBerries), sensors, and servers (such as Web and mail servers). Just as cities are interconnected by a network of roads and intersections, end systems of a computer network are interconnected by a network of communication links and packet switches. Communication links can be wired or wireless. Distributed applications. A computer