Engineering B45 Concrete Lab Report
Introduction: Concrete is a mixture of sand and rock or similar inert material (aggregates) held together by a cementing material. Usually the cementing material is Portland cement, but sometimes binders such as asphalt or gypsum are used, in which case the concrete may be called asphaltic concrete or gypsum concrete.
Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement, water, sand, and coarse aggregate) but also, to a great extent, by the relative proportions of these ingredients. The proportions must be so selected as to produce a concrete mixture of desired workability, strength, durability, and economy.
The most common aggregates are gravel and crushed stone,
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You may not need to add the full amount of water calculated. Be sure to use the gloves provided as you mix your concrete. When adding the water note the concrete’s cohesiveness – whether the concrete tends to hang together well or whether it tends to crumble readily – and the troweling workability – if the concrete works smoothly and with little effort when using a trowel. Continue to add water until you have a desirable consistency.
6. Perform the slump test. Fill the slump mold 1/3 full and tamp with the tamping rod 25 times; add more concrete until 2/3 full and tamp an additional 25 times; fill completely, tamp 25 times and then top off. Do not tamp more than 25 times. Measure the height of the concrete after removing the slump mold. The slump is 12” (the height of the mold) minus the height of the concrete after removal of the mold. The greater the slump usually means the greater the workability. Your slump should be about 2 inches.
7. Be sure to measure and record the temperature of the concrete and the outside temperature.
8. Fill the molds, tamp 25 times, top off, and cover with a plastic bag to setup.
9. After a day or two, cut off the mold. Note any cracking or pores in the test samples. Put the concrete samples in a bucket, spray the concrete with water, and cover the bucket tightly with plastic.
10. On the designated “concrete crush lab day,” perform the compression test according to ASTM C39.
Questions to be addressed in the
4.Measure 35mL of warm water and add them into each of the 4 test tubes at about roughly the same time. It is essential that the water is warm. Do not seal the test tube.
Nevertheless, this was a standard concrete technique in history, the Romans decided to strengthen their concrete mixture with another substance.
First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building
What is concrete. According to Concrete Network (1999) “Concrete is made up of three basic components: water, aggregate (rock, sand, or gravel) and cement. Cement, usually in powder form, acts as a binding agent when mixed with water and aggregates. This combination, or concrete mix, will be poured and harden into the durable material with which we are all familiar”. The Roman's did it a little
Concrete has been used to build roads in America; although this is an expensive alternative to asphalt, it holds more advantages than normal asphalt. Concrete is more durable than normal asphalt and is capable of giving drivers better gas mileage. Concrete roads have also been proven to be more skid-resistant with the addition to grooves to the concrete. It can also help drivers save more gas money since it’s been proven to be fuel efficient. With the advances of modern science, scientists and concrete manufacturers have created some ways of creating concrete in a cheaper way so it can be used more often in creating
Concrete is used for many different things in daily life, although is often taken for granted. Concrete has a very deep history that leads us up to the modern day concrete and variations of. Most people will turn a blind eye, but at one point in history concrete was a stellar invention that had many different purposes and uses and still does today.
One damaging effect is freezing water. When water melts, it absorbs into the pores and capillaries. As the water freezes and expands, it weakens the strength of the concrete. This causes concrete scaling, delamination, and cracking.
In order to discuss concrete; one must first mention cement. Cement is a water-based binder used to bind other building materials together. It is used in the production of mortar and concrete during the construction process. Concrete is a material used in construction, made by mixing aggregate, cement, small stones and water. Cement is important because it hold structures together. Many sources states concrete was invented 1756 by a British Engineer named John Smeaton. He did so by mixing pebbles as a coarse aggregate into a powdered brick into the cement. Years layer in 1824, a English inventor named Mr Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. He is also noted for creating today’s popular concrete; Portland cement. Many buildings use concrete because of its strong element. It solidifies then hardens after mixing with water and placement due to the chemical process known as hydration. Water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, various structures, foundations, roads, bridges, brick walls and so on. It is either produced site-cast or pre-cast. Site-cast Concrete is standard concrete that is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site; the concrete is created on the actually construction site. Precast concrete is a construction
*We got smaller beakers and measured out 20mL. * We tried to keep it consistent, so we poured the water on to the diaper at the same time, and from the same altitude. 5) Wait 2 minutes, repeat step 4 until 60 mL have been poured. 6) Wait 5 minutes, then* check each diaper for absorbency and wetness. 7) Record results, make any adjustments, and then repeat the experiment.
1. I started by pouring all of my ingrediants (nails,water,salt,oil,sand) into the measuring cup and wait for everything to settle.
Measure 10 mL of HCl, then pour 10 mL of HCl into each of the other test tubes.
Drainage: If you’re noticing water pooling on your patio or driveways, this could indicate a drainage problem. Have C M C Concrete Construction repair the issue by creating inlets or alternative drainage solutions.
Aggregate is one of the basic constituents of concrete. Its quality is of considerable importance because about three-quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. One of the physical properties of aggregate that influence the property of concrete is the grading of aggregate. The grading of aggregate defines the proportions of particles of different size in the aggregate. The grading of fine (size < 5 mm) and coarse (size > 5 mm) aggregates are generally required to be within the limits specified in BS 882: 1992.
The definition of high strength changes over the years as concrete strength used in the field increases. Any construction activity requires several materials such as concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass, clay, mud, wood, and so on. However, the cement concrete remains the main construction material used in construction industries. For its suitability and adaptability with respect to the changing environment, the concrete must be such that it can conserve resources, protect the environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of energy. To achieve this, major emphasis must be laid on the use of wastes and byproducts in cement and concrete used for new constructions. The utilization of recycled aggregate
Level off the top with the steel float and clean any concrete from around the mould.