Connectivity And Related Survivability Issues Of Wsns

Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF): Geographic Adaptive Fidelity is an energy-aware location based routing algorithm planned for mobile ad-hoc networks but has been used to WSNs. Geographic Adaptive Fidelity conserving energy by switching off redundant sensors nodes. In this routing protocol, the entire network is classified into number of static zones and a virtual grid is made for the covered region. Every node utilizes its GPS-indicated location to link itself with a point in the virtual grid. Nodes linked to the same point on the grid are assumed equivalent with respect to packet routing costs. Nodes within a zone cooperate by choosing one node to show the zone for a period of time whereas the rest of the nodes sleep. A sample situation is considered from

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

A WSN is a type of wireless networks that consists of collection sensor nodes which are tiny devices. Each sensor node of the network has different processing capability. It may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have a RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion [13, 14]. Optimum need of each sensor node is to maximize its own utility function. Also the whole network requires resource assignments balance to perform in a useful and efficient way. This chapter presents a brief survey on WSNs showing its types, characterizing features, protocols and applications.

The increasing usage of networks especially wireless networks for different applications, has moved to focus towards the design and optimal routing of the networks in the modern life. The use of wireless networks instead of wired networks solves many issues in real life. These challenges includes the Mobility, signal fading, power and energy, data rate, security etc.

The main goal of communication protocols in WSNs is to maximize energy efficiency in order to

There have been significant contributions to overcome many weaknesses in sensor networks like coverage problems, lack in power and making best use of limited network bandwidth, however; work in sensor network security is still in its infancy stage. This paper is an effort to introduce the

Fig.2. shows the overall architecture of the proposed work. In wireless sensor networks, the sensor nodes are densely deployed in the

CNBD analyzed the aggregated data to the sink by the transfer time from end to end to obtain a higher battery power of each node [83]. Guo and et. al. have suggested a Faulty Node Detection (FIND) to WSN. FIND is a method for nodes with data errors capturing a centralized approach, without specific recognition model taking into account. It is measured to measure the signal attenuation distance [84]. Saihi and et al. used to create a centralized error detection method based on clustering approach, the exchange of messages heartbeat actionable scalable and balanced applications for WSN [85]. In April 2016, Tahir and et al. evaluated a nominal power consumption in wireless sensor networks through a system through which a small number of high energy nodes collect both location information and the residual power state of the read nodes, then they are transmitted to the base station (BS). The authors suggested an algorithm in which a minor proportion of the high energy nodes are used to transmit each node’s information to the Base Station (BS) [86].

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure less, dynamic topology, application oriented, multihoping network design with small, sensing wireless distributed nodes. [1] WSN consists of thousand of wireless node distributed in a geographical area. The distributed nodes senses the current status of its region and supply to the next upper which collects different information from different nodes and supplied final information to the

In this paper, I will mainly focus on analyzing and evaluating the current Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This paper starts with an overview on fundamentals of WSNs, by providing necessary background to understand

A wireless sensor network can be composed of a large number of nodes, constituting a

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.[1] The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control.[1][2]

Wireless network are implemented by high frequency radio waves instead of cables and wires. Individuals and organizations use it for developing a better network connection. Wireless networks are further divided into many categories but we mainly focus on wireless sensor networks.

ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor networks is a self-configured network means any node can join it or leave it at any time. it is a self-healing and self-organizing. Self-healing networks allow nodes to reconfigure their link associations and find other pathways around powered-down nodes or failed nodes. Self-organizing allows a network automatically join new node without the need for manual interference. In this paper, we are using actor nodes to solve energy hole problem so that we can reduce energy consumption and can enhance throughput of network.

Since data are transmitted wirelessly between sensor nodes, it is usually prone to eavesdropping and interception. It is important to maintain the privacy of data among sensor nodes even from trusted cooperating sensor nodes of the WSNs. It is necessary to prevent recovering the privacy of the data, even it is overheard or decrypted by the adversaries.