Conversions of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides: 1-Propanol and 2-Pentanol Introduction One way scientist gets alkyl halides is by using the manipulation of an alcohol. When alcohols are treated with HBr or HCl; they can undergo a nucleophile substation reaction to generate an alkyl halide and water2. Using the structure of the alcohols they are able to use SN1 or SN2 mechanisms. For both these mechanisms though, the –OH group must be pronated shown in Figure 1. R—OH + H—Br + R—OH2 +Br- Figure
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Ankita Patel August 6, 2013 Introduction This lab consisted of the conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides through common substitution methods. These methods include SN1 and SN2 mechanism, both of which can occur for this type of reaction. For both reactions, the first step of protonation will be to add hydrogen to the –OH group and then the rest of the reaction will proceed according to the type of mechanism. SN1 reactions form a cation intermediate
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Title: Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Abstract: In this experiment the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides are investigated through reflux and simple distillation. These are common procedures used to separate substances. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR spectrum is used to identify the product or products for each reaction: 1a, 1b, and 2. Every individual in the group was assigned either 1a (1-propanol) or 1b (2-pentanol)
an alcohol is in the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon center should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms. Important alcohols are the simple acyclic alcohols. Of those, ethanol (C2H5OH) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, and in common speech the word alcohol refers specifically to ethanol. When it comes to alcohol reactions the functional group of the alcohols is the hydroxyl group –OH. Unlike the alkyl halides
RING CONTRACTION All the carbons of a ring are equivalent (a ring has no ends like an open-chain compound does),1 ring compounds can be classified as either monocyclic or polycyclic compounds. As the word “contraction” means shrinking, ring contraction can be defined as the process of shrinking larger ring compounds which are less strained into a more strained smaller ring structures. Instead of making small strained ring by chemical reaction which is very strenuous to do, ring contraction is a process