The second study, conducted by McNally Keehn, Lincoln, Brown, and Chavira (2013), analyzes the effectiveness of the Coping Cat program in reducing anxiety in children with ASD. This study is a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants included 22 children, aged 8 to 14 years old, with ASD and at least one anxiety disorder, including separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or social phobia (McNally Keehn et al., 2013). The children were measured for anxiety using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the parents were given a parallel version to measure their child’s anxiety as well (McNally Keehn et al., 2013). The participants were randomly assigned to either the CBT condition or a waitlist condition (McNally …show more content…
The results also found a decrease in internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as rated by parents (Ehrenreich-May et al., 2014). All of these findings were maintained at a one-month follow-up (Ehrenreich-May et al., 2014). These findings support the BIACA protocol in the treatment of comorbid anxiety in children with ASD (Ehrenreich-May et al., 2014). There were a couple of limitations to this study, however, that should be considered when interpreting these results. The first limitation to this study is that it was an open trial, meaning there was no control group to compare results against (Ehrenreich-May et al., 2014). Other limitations include the small sample size, the short one-month follow-up period, and the sample being primarily males (Ehrenreich-May et al., …show more content…
There was also a significant decrease in unnecessary parental involvement in the self-care tasks of the children (Drahota et al., 2011). There was a greater overall reduction in anxiety severity in those children in the immediate treatment condition versus the waitlist condition (Drahota et al., 2011). These findings were maintained at a three-month follow-up (Drahota et al., 2011). One possible limitation to this study to consider is the fact that most of the data collected came from parent reports, in which the parents were aware of the treatment condition their child was assigned to (Drahota et al., 2011). Another limitation is regarding the sample, as it was skewed towards middle and upper-middle class income families (Drahota et al.,
In my personal story, I reviewed my own experience of being a parent to a child with an ASD diagnosis. As it was demonstrated both from the literature review and though my personal story, it is clear that facing an ASD diagnosis is a big crisis. Part of the crisis relates to the stigma of ASD. Parents face judgment and resentments toward their children from the general public as well as judgment on their parenting style. This judgment comes as a result of the typical appearance of most children with
In addition, this case allows for readers to see how psychosocial treatment programs can be modified to account for social and behavioral deficits associated with autism. The downside to this case study, like all case studies, is the lack of generalization. As a single case study, it is important to note that Jerry’s initial presentation and subsequent treatment response cannot be generalized to all youth with ASD and comorbid anxiety. It is possible that Jerry and his family presented factors contributing to successful treatment that other families do not
As well as a broad age group, the researchers sought out high functioning ASD patients as well as a homogenous sample which they concluded to be males. Extensive surveys were given to children and adults alike to test for comorbidity, since a participant with an undiagnosed disorder or unusual symptoms could inadvertently and extensively alter results.
Families with children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) experiences more stress than the typical family without a children with ASD. A previous research study by Baker-Ericzen, Brookman-Frazee & Stahmer(2005, p. 194) supports this statement, “Both parents of children with ASD report higher levels of both parent and child related stress juxtaposed with parents of typically developing toddlers”.
The research article written by Juliette M. Liber, Brigit M. van Widenfelt, and Arnold W. Goedhart, et.al, Parenting and Parental Anxiety and Depression as Predictors of Treatment Outcome for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Has the Role of Fathers Been Underestimated? Gives a hypothesis from previous researches that had been done that childhood anxiety disorders led to adult anxiety disorders and that many children aren’t responding to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (CBT). Based off of previous research it has been suggested that there is a link between parenting styles and anxiety in children. It has also been suggested that parental depressive symptoms have a significant predicting factor that treatment would fail later in the study. There
Wood et al. (2014) argues that adolescents are more likely to become self-aware of their own conscious behavior, therefore those coping with ASD are more likely to turn towards social isolation and other depressive actions (as cited in Kuussikko et al., 2008). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a very reputable intervention for ASD. Butler, Chapman, Forman, and Beck (2006) describes the purpose of CBT as “… the proposition that symptoms and dysfunctional behaviors are often cognitively mediated and…improvement [is] produced by modifying dysfunctional thinking and beliefs” (as cited in Dobson & Dozois, 2001). Hutchins et al. (2015) explains Theory of Mind (ToM) is “a body of conceptual knowledge that underlies access to both one’s
ASD is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. ASD includes Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. The pervasive disorder is known as atypical autism. ASD includes wide ranges of symptoms, skills and also levels of the disability. ASD can not be cured there is an unknown reason why people get diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This Disorder is chronic and will last the lifetime of the diagnosed patient. “One in sixty-eight children has been identified with some form of Autism Spectrum Disorder.” ASD behaviors should be first noticed in infants and toddlers. There are two main behaviors with this disorder. The first category behavior is restricted and repetitive behaviors. An example of this is repeating. ASD children are very auditory learners, so what they hear they are going to repeat. The next example of restricted and repetitive behaviors is unusual behaviors and being overly focused. By this they like to be very hands on by moving objects and using their sensory skills. Intense interest in numbers, details or facts also goes under restricted and repetitive behaviors. “CDC reports that 46% of ASD children have above average intelligence.” They excel in Math, Science, Music and Art. The other type of behavior ASD have are the social communication and interaction behaviors. One of the symptoms of this is getting upset by slight change in routine. Example of this behavior is a person with this could like wearing the
This study examine the influences of parents’ pursuit or avoidance of an ASD diagnosis to their children. The goal of this study is to explore the parental meaning of ASD diagnosis, and explore if the children’s ASD diagnosis affect the way parents perceive ASD (Russell & Norwich, 2012).
Diverting from factors of which have been shown to potentially contribute to the appearance of anxiety in individuals with ASD, additional research has been done to explore the notion that common ASD features directly result from comorbid anxiety.
Children who are diagnosed with ASD have many treatment types available to them. Most of these treatment options are centered on the development of the autistic children’s social and behavioral skills, which can help them achieve as normal of a life as possible. Without treatment, most children with ASD will
health and well-being, and quality of life for individuals with ASDs. This section of the
O’Haire et al. (2014) conducted a study that focused on evaluating the effects of classroom based Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA) on social functioning in children with ASD. This was a multisite, control-to-intervention design study. Cluster sampling was done and placed the children into one of two groups: 1) waitlisted (n=37) or 2) non-waitlisted (n=27). An overall total of 64 children with ASD were involved in the study. The program consisted of 8 weeks of an animal exposure in the classroom in 20-minute sessions. The non-waitlisted children received the intervention first in the beginning of the school year, and then the waitlisted children received the intervention at the end of the school year. Data was collected on each session the
The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the scientific research base of PECS research with individuals with ASD using single subject research (Battaglia, McDonald, Winter 2015).
The parents and/or caregivers play a significant role in the therapeutic process. They are the ones to initially identify that there is a problem, make the decision to seek out treatment, implement treatment strategies at home, and act as the thermometer for the child to determine whether treatment is effective. In addition to this, they have the most impact in the child’s life given the amount of time and energy they put into their child’s development.
Constant variables. One constant variable that was mentioned by the authors was that both participants are preschool-aged students diagnosed ASD. Their age did not change throughout the course of the study; however, the severity of the participant’s ASD was not identified in this article. The