Correlation Between Regional Gene Evolution

Blood and saliva borne bacteria are mainly the reason for some serious infectious diseases (Szymanska, 2005, Martin et al., 2009). For example, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known virus that may be contracted in dental clinics. Investigation of the presence of the virus in the oral fluids of hepatitis B carriers showed that %70 of their sample were infectious (Molinari & Harte, 2010). The greatest concentration of the HBV is under the gingival sulucs where this area is inflamed routinely and allows blood to mix

Oral care aims to supply an adequate hygiene level, which leads to reduce colonisation of dental plaque and oropharynx and to reduce the aspiration of contaminated secretions into the lower airway (Feider et al. 2010). Research has demonstrated that colonisation of the airway and aspiration of colonised saliva are the two main pathogenic causes of VAP (Adib-Hajbaghery et al. 2011). Other cause is the production of a biofilm along the endotracheal tube (ETT) which contains large quantities of microbes that could be spread into the lungs by ventilator-induced breaths (Keyt et al. 2014; Palomar et al. 2010). Additionally, instilling saline into the ETT, suctioning secretions, repositioning the ETT or coughing, could dislodge the biofilm into the airway and increase the risk of VAP (Moore. 2003; Morehead and Pinto. 2002).

Which of the foods that you tested contained amylase? Which did not? What experimental evidence supports your claim?

the oral cavity? This research paper was written to provide information, to those who will

An association between enzyme production, gene copy number, and gene evolution was explored by conducting analysis of the salivary amylase enzyme, AMY1A gene copy number, and the ancestral starch consumption in Homo Sapiens (Tracey 2017, p.22). It was hypothesized that the relative amount of starch consumption was very high for my personal ancestral diet, thus my AMY1 diploid gene copy number in my genome and salivary amylase concentration would be significantly higher than the population mean. With a population of 28 subjects (n=28), individual saliva samples were collected and compared to a calibration curve to determine the approximate amylase concentration by analyzing absorbance values. Individual samples of buccal cheek cells were

Genetics is a captivating but difficult subject for students. Lab experiments like ‘Gummy Bear Genetics’ can aid in needed areas of genetics. Student can often observe the phenotypes in gummy bears, but when trying to visualize which parental genes that are represented in a cross-bred first (F1) generation can be challenging. In this experiment, students worked in small groups to determine the parental (P) generations of 196 gummy bears. The gummy bear candy appealed to student appetites and the chosen phenotypic characteristic were easy to choose because gummy bears come in numerous colors (red, green, orange, yellow and colorless). Students will be able to establish which genetic information, including genotype, phenotype, dominant traits, and recessive traits, were passed from the P generation to the F1 generation

Genetics can help answer questions about our traits and why we look different and advance in different ways from each other in the world. Chapter 1 explains the basics about how genes work, and the portrayal of DNA and RNA. Chapter 2 describes RNA more in detail and it consist of the explanation of the human genome. Specifically, Chapter 3 clarifies how evolution works and how it relates to genetic and medical research. Furthermore, Chapter 4 and 5 explains the knowledge researchers have about genes role in health and diseases, and how society is affected with the advances in medicine and science given approximate credit to these researchers.

Bacterial amylase is found in different habits for example in human saliva, for this reason is easy

L., Walsh, M. M., (2015). Dental hygiene: Theory and practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Contemporary Europeans have roughly three times more Neanderthal variable in their genes involved in lipid catabolism than Asian and African people. Even though Neanderthals are extinct, small pieces of their genomes tend to exist in modern humans. These similarities are unevenly distributed across the genome and some regions are particularly enriched with Neanderthal variants. While analyzing the influence of Neanderthal variants on lipid processing in modern humans, the researchers found revolutionary changes in lipid concentration and expression of metabolic enzymes in brains of humans of European

These two research lab articles from Professor Stuart Kim’s at Stanford University show the value of information that can be collected from sequencing genes of different individuals. while the first article uses genetic research to provide valuable information that can help reduce sports injuries and optimize nutrition, the second article explores the genetic basis of extreme human age.

trait by other genes or the environment) is the rule rather than the exception” (pp. 23).

This experiment will explore the nature of salivary glands and if an increased quantity of salivary electrolytes is a direct correlation to Down syndrome. Down syndrome is an autosomal disorder caused by an extra chromosome twenty-one. Children with this syndrome show physical abnormalities such as, small hands and feet, poor muscle tone or loose joints, and shorter height than children and adults without the syndrome. Many dental characteristics are consistent throughout children with Down Syndrome. Dental abnormalities include the most important to this experiment, a low prevalence of dental caries that is tooth decay or cavities caused by abundance in dental plaque and bacteria in children with Down Syndrome. This increase in low caries can be attributed to reduced time of exposer to a cariogenic environment, congenitally missing teeth, and higher salivary pH. Recently, researchers have found that

Amylase is an enzyme that is located in human saliva. It is solely accountable for breaking down starch as a way to start the breakdown of food and is one of the first steps of digestion. The time at which the enzyme starts the chemical reaction with starch is called the reaction rate. In order to study how amylase works against starch, this experiment consisted of two tests; each testing a different condition of amylase. The first test was to simply study the reaction between saliva and amylase and note the reaction rates. The second test was to see if increasing the pH would decrease the reaction rate or halt it all together. Saliva was collected, diluted, and tested for reactions between starch and amylase. Another sample of saliva was collected, diluted, and had its pH increased and tested for reaction rate. The findings after the experiment was conducted aligned with the original hypothesis. The change in pH did show a significant decrease in the reaction rate.

My purpose of the experiment is to test what mouthwash will kill the most oral bacteria or prevent the most oral bacteria. What I want to know from this experiment is what kind of mouthwash will prevent the most bacteria and if its wort the money. I choose this topic to see what product will help me maintain the good oral health.