1. Describe the types of facility you would expect to be provided in a multi-user DBMS
Ans. Data Storage, Retrieval and Update Authorization Services A User-Accessible Catalog Support for Data Communication Transaction Support Integrity Services Concurrency Control Services Services to Promote Data Independence Recovery Services Utility Services
2. Discuss the differences between DDL and DML? What operations would you typically expect to be available in each language?
Ans. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. In practice, this is really a misnomer. SQL can do much more than query data – indeed, the language splits neatly into two parts. There is the Data Definition Language (DDL) section and the Data Manipulation Language (DML) section. The former is the part of the language that is used for creating (and/or destroying) database objects such as tables.
Here is an example of DDL code:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customer]
(
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FName] [varchar](20) NULL, [LName] [varcharint](20) NULL, [DateOfBirth] [datetime] NOT NULL,
…
And so on. You can add (within reason) as many columns to the table as you like.
DML statements aren 't used to create data structures (or destroy them); they are used to manipulate the data. An example is a SELECT statement:
SELECT ID, FName, LName, DateOfBirth
FROM Customer;
3. Name four object-based data models.
Ans. Entity-Relationship
Object Oriented Semantic
Functional
4. What is a
Data objects can model relational data or advanced data types such as graphics, movies, and audio. Smalltalk, C++, Java, and others are objects used in object-oriented data. The object-relational is a combination of relational and object-oriented databases. Traditional and advanced data types can be used to construct database management systems. These systems can connect to a company’s website and update records as needed. Database Approach The main purpose of a database is data storage that can be stored and retrieved when needed. A popular common language called structured query language (SQL) is used to store and retrieve data in relational database. This language enables the systems to run a report or modify data or remove the data from the database. A database management system (DBMS) controls all aspects of a database, this is not limited to the creation, maintenance, and use of database. The DBMS ensures proper applications are able to access the database. An important purpose of a DBMS is to maintain the data definitions (data dictionary) for all the data elements in the database. It also enforces data integrity and security measures. Data Models Data models provide a contextual framework and graphical representation that aid in the definition of data elements. In a relational database, the data model lays the foundation for the database and identifies important entities,
Database model defines the logical structure of the database by determining manner in which the data will be stored. Relational model is one of the most popular database models, which defines tables and relationships between the tables.
to the procedural language as an extension to the SQL language. This idea can become
One of the greatest benefits of having a database is that data can be shared or secured among many users or applications. Because the data resides in one place, there is more control and accountability over how the data is managed (McCaldin, 2015).
Having and using a relational database prevents the duplication of data. Instead of saving lots of information within one table, you could divide up the table into information, for example in a college database you might have some tables with pupil names, age and addresses in a primary field like a pupil ID number. The field could then be related to another table which could be enrolment as a pupil “enrols” onto a “course” which would then be linked on another table called “teacher” which would decide the “room” they would be teaching in. When the table is made it has to be connected to other tables to be made into a database. Databases help to maintain precision, availability, usability, flexibility in an organisation
Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called fourth-generation languages, or 4GLs for short. The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs include a report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of a report. Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts.
The application standard to use this kind of database is the structured query language (SQL).This statements are used for both communication with queries for information from a relational database this schema set of tables contain data built into predefined categories.
Describe the types of data that Tarleton Gaming Solutions will need to store in their database. This should be a high-level discussion in non-technical terms so that your client can understand. Remember, they likely do not have an information systems background and will not understand the database terminology that you are familiar with.
A(n) ____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.
Firstly a relational database contains a set of tables which basically are linked collectively by the relationships between the tables. Also it is also known as reason such as a database is called relational database.
- Structured Query Language (SQL) is an internationally recognized standard language used and understood by all commercial database management systems.
In DBMS, database and application programs are separated from each other. The DBMS sits in between them. You can easily change the structure of database without modifying the application program. For example you can modify the size or data type of a data items (fields of a database table).
The article describes about the SQL standard levels. SQL means the Standard Query Language. In SQL different types of queries are being involved and different types of operations are being performed under it. SQL often means the collection of the large number of tables. SQL Create statement is used for creating the tables. Basically create statement is used for performing any type of operation. After creating the table only we can perform any type of operation like insert, update and delete. An example for create statement is create table customer( customer_id int, customer_name varchar(50), customer_city varchar(50), salary int);. Here under the customer table we have created four columns. Customer_id is declared as integer, customer_name and customer city is declared as varchar, salary is declared as integer. After creating the customer table we can insert values into the table. The values are being inserted using the ‘insert into’ statement. The values are inserted into the customer table like this. Insert into customer values(‘1001’,’dheeraj’,’hyderabad’,’10000’). Here in the above example we have inserted the four values into it. That is ‘1001’ value is being inserted into the customer_id, ‘dheeraj’ value is being inserted into the customer_name, ‘hyderabad’ value is being inserted into the customer_city, and ‘10000’ value is being inserted into the salary.
Select one or more tables or queries and then click Add. After you have finished adding tables and queries to the Relationships document tab, click Close.