Diabetic Nephropathy Research Paper

In the following case study, the author will discuss the issues surrounding a seventy-year-old female with a chronic neuropathic ulcer on the sole of her right foot and the rationale and implications of

People with diabetes also have a higher risk of developing foot ulcers that can take weeks or months to heal. Food choices and nutritional status influence wound healing since serious wounds increase the energy, vitamin, mineral and protein requirements necessary to promote healing. Most things can help your blood clot and you serious sores or cuts heal, When you have like a smell or oder example: a skunk you wash you body in tomato sauce to get the smell to fade away . When you want your teeth to grow strong or eyes to be clear you can eat certain thing to help them get stronger that's exactly how you can clear your skin from sores bumps and ect.

Diabetic neuropathy can occur with long-term diabetes, usually after several years of uncontrolled high blood glucose. Glucose proteins, called glycoproteins, form in the nerves primarily those in the legs and feet. When the nerves in the feet are damaged, the brain cannot recognize pain in that area. Nerve damage from diabetic neuropathy can lead to weakness in the muscles in the legs and feet. Since the muscles work as a system, neuropathy can lead to other foot problems, such as hammertoes, calluses, bunions, and other foot deformities. These deformities are dangerous because of the risk of infection. A simple blister from a tight shoe can spell disaster

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to the CDC report “2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,” approximately 6 million people in the United States have undiagnosed diabetes. Undetected, diabetes can become deadly. In a recent World Health Organization report “Diabetes Action Now: An Initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation,” it

7. Examine your feet. Diabetes-related nerve damage can mean that you might have minor injuries to your feet that you can’t feel. This can lead to infections and other complications. Check the soles of your feet daily. Put lotion on them at night to keep the skin in good condition. Wear comfortable shoes that fit correctly. Ask your doctor to examine your feet whenever you have an office visit.

It is estimated that 387 million people, globally live with diabetes (Phillips & Mehl, 2015). According to Medical News Today [MNT], diabetes is a metabolic disorder; which causes patients to be extremely thirsty and produce a lot of urine. Diabetes arises due to high blood pressure, due to the body not being able to produce enough insulin or because the body does not respond well to high insulin levels (MNT, 2016). There are four types of diabetes; there is the pre-diabetic stage, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. In 2014, 29 million people died due to diabetes. This equates to 1 diabetic patient dying every seven seconds due to preventable complications (including complications affecting lower limbs) caused by diabetes. It is said that 20-40% of health care costs are spent on the treatment of lower limb complications due to diabetes. The risk of a diabetic patient developing a foot ulcer is 25% and foot ulcers account approximately 85% of lower limb amputations. Diabetic complications that affect lower limbs are caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (Phillips & Mehl, 2015). It is said that the World Health Organization described diabetic foot syndrome as including all possible complications in relation to the feet of a diabetic patient. Diabetic foot syndrome is defined as the ulceration of the foot, from the ankle downwards. Causes of foot ulceration include peripheral sensory neuropathy, vascular disease (ischaemia) and infection

venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. Canadian Association of Wound Care (CAWC) has published

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes and can result in foot ulceration, ampuation and an impaired quality of life(Carrington AL, et al 2002,Boulton AJ,et al 2004). The reported prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy ranges from 16% to as high as 66%2 and its prevelance is believed to increase with the duration of diabetes and poor glucose control.(Boulton AJ.et al 2000) It’s accounts for 50–75% of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic patients.(Holzer SE, et al 1998, Boulton AJM, 1998,Malay DS, et al 2006)

Management involves establishing that the neuropathy is caused by diabetes instead of other underlying causes and aiming for strict glycemic control. Many diabetics suffer amputations to limbs as a result of diabetic neuropathy. "The symptoms typically start in the toes, gradually ascending to the lower limbs. In advanced cases, it spreads to the upper limbs (glove-stocking sensation) and also the abdominal wall (Rajan , 2013)." Diabetics are prone to having diminished circulation in their limbs. Diabetes causes the blood vessels of the feet and legs to narrow and harden. Some of the causes of increasingly diminished blood flow can be controlled, such as smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. " In addition to being a diabetic, the risk of developing and progression of diabetic neuropathy also depends on the duration of diabetes, glycemic control, presence of comorbidities like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking (Rajan, 2013). One of the consequences of poor circulation is a slowed or insufficient healing process. This problem requires diligent inspection of the feet especially. Poor circulation and thus poor healing often leads to wounds that are more prone to becoming infected. If a wound is not felt, it is often noticed only when it has already become seriously

Diabetic foot ulcers are a condition that is common to people suffering from diabetes. This condition can get worse and lead to leg and foot amputation when left untreated. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, it is crucial that you start to pay specific attention to caring for your feet and legs as these are the body parts most susceptible to diabetic complications.

According to Healthy People 2012 there are more then 800,000 new cases of diabetes each year, with the numbers on the rise. With this in mind, Healthy People 2012 has identified diabetes as their number five focus area. In order to reach their goal of improving the quality of life for people with diabetes they have identified diabetes teaching as their number one objective. Furthermore, in order to reduce the number of complications of diabetes, Healthy People 2012 has identified foot ulcers as their ninth objective. Through patient education Healthy People 2012 hopes to reduce the number of foot ulcers in people with diabetes, as diabetes is the number one cause of nontraumatic amputations in the United States. In order to

The participants were selected from the diabetic clinic of St. Thomas Hospital both in the outpatient department and those admitted with diabetic foot ulcer. Total 180 participants were selected randomly and assigned to control group (conventional treatment) and experimental group, informed consent was obtained. (The details are given in chapter

An advantage of thinking more comprehensively about the pathogenic abnormalities that impair healing is that one can view existing therapies and procedures in a different light, and with different justifications. For example, the process of surgical debridement of diabetic foot ulcers becomes more than simply removing necrotic tissue; at the same time, one is also removing the excessive bacterial burden and, possibly, the phenotypically abnormal cells that may be present in and around the wound. Another example is the removal of edema, which is also critical in the management of diabetic ulcers. Edema removal decreases the chronic wound fluid that has been shown to be deleterious to resident cells and that may enhance bacterial colonization. Therefore, existing therapies can be integrated better with pathophysiological principles [68].

I watched my grandfather struggle with Nephropathy, a kidney disease caused by diabetes. Large amounts of glucose make the kidneys channel an excessive amount of blood. All this makes it hard for the filters. After some years, the filters start to leak and all the useful protein is lost in the urine. Waste products then start to build up in the blood which then causes kidney failure. This becomes very serious because then a kidney transplant becomes necessary. I remember my grandfather was always in and out the hospital. He had been on the waiting list for a new kidney for many years. Because of his disease, he wasn’t able to do a lot of work. He only worked for about 3 hours a day just because he didn’t want to stay in the house all day. To keep him alive while waiting on the kidney transplant, the doctors gave my grandfather a lot of medicine to go home with. He had a whole container of medicine that he had to take every day. So with all that medication he had to take, it made it more difficult for him to do a lot of physical activities that he was able to do before he got sick. He finally got the transplant in 2012. Everything was going great for the first three months until he got an infection. My mother said the infection came from the surgery room. The infection got really bad after a few months and he passed away. Watching him struggle in pain for so many years while waiting on a kidney was painful. It was sad to know that he did all that waiting only to die after

The diabetic foot disease is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and results from three common pathologies: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and infection. Late complications include foot ulceration, Charcot neuroarthropathy and amputation (Turns, 2013, p.422) though another specialist like, Iraj who wrote Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer, added to the most common facts: deformities and minor