Digital Images And The Digital Image

Protecting data through cryptography from unauthorized eyes is a high priority for organizations that store personal information. Cryptography is the process of hiding the real meaning of a message through a pre-determined code that is only known to the person encrypting and decrypting a message. Different forms of cryptography can be seen in our everyday life from the word puzzle in daily newspapers to secretaries writing in short hand. Cryptography has been around since the time of the Egyptians and has made many advances through the years.

Before a person can understand, analyze, or interpret a photograph, the image must first be viewed. This involves more than just the stimulus or environment in which the image is presented. When an image is examined, there are indirect and direct forces that play a role in its analysis. The actual image that the eyes visualize does not match up completely with what a person will perceive. What a person sees is a complex relationship between many variables including their past experiences, memories, and personalities (Zakia 64).There is typically a seamless connection between what a person sees, and what a person is looking to see (Zakia 64). This idea can be better explained in the variations of responses given when people look at a particular photograph. The different interpretations can be small or great depending on the audience. The variation is caused by the different past experiences and feelings within each individual.

According to James Brooks, “the manipulation of meaning to assure an audience would destroy the reality of the work and debase the concept of communication.” The essay will examine how images are used nowadays in media to influence people’s opinions rather than only for artistic purposes.

There are various elements in photographs that many do not come to realize. Photographers use formal elements such as details, framing, space, form, lighting, color, and subject matter to express a moment or important message. Picture three depicts many of these elements to help express the true meaning of the image. This photo displays a woman in a mirror who almost looks like a man giving the viewer a sense of surrealism. You can tell the woman is posing and dressed up by the photographers’ use of detail when looking at the woman’s facial expression and body language. This picture is a self- portrait of the photographer Florence Henri. She uses elements and techniques to help display emotions and events. These techniques cause the viewer to make various observations and assumptions about why this photograph is significant or unique.

-The change occurred from the introduction digital photography and over the reign of the film based photography, in other words the switch from chemical based image capturing towards data storage represent perfectly the disruption effect an innovation can have within an industry and its players. The introduction of cameras using digital imaging started to be sold in the last decade of 19th century. With this new technology, the products and their composition changed; the main hardware which is the camera but also the consumables. When cameras used to rely on a roll film before, they now are composed of a memory card. This technological switch allows the cameras to be of smaller size, of easier use and manipulation and basically in overall, more user-friendly. However, when those new products were initially developed and introduced to the market, the quality of the pictures provided by the digital cameras did not match the ones using the old traditional technology. Indeed, the chemical films still had a quality advantage, and as a new technology is created, it requires some time to be refined and affordable to best satisfy consumers. It is said that time will enable the innovative company as well as competition to adapt the product and compete over price which is in the interest of the customer (ref). This explains why it had been anticipated that this disruptive innovation would take one or two decades before responding to market expectations. The

Various methods of hiding information have been used for centuries; but it has always been an issue of how to get the information to the designated individual securely without being intercepted or compromised. With the use of cryptography and encryption the information being delivered could be obscured so message preventing the message from being read in the event the message was able to be intercepted; to be able to read the message the receiving party would only be able to decipher the message using the corresponding decryption algorithm. The use of steganography or covert channels individuals could easily transmit information without anyone ever discovering the existence of hidden information; since it could

Steganography is an ulterior, and lesser-known approach to private communication. Steganographic applications work by taking in three things: a cover work; this could be a picture, an audio file, a video file, etc., a message to be embedded, and a stego key; we don’t always use one but if we do it is much like an encryption key. Steganography applications will then embed the message into the cover work. This is most commonly performed using a method known as LSB embedding, which I will explain in detail.

In recent years, the applications about multimedia have been developed rapidly. Digital media brings about conveniences to the people, because it is easy to be processed. At the same time, it enables the illegal attackers to attack the works. For the protection of data there has been growing interest in developing effective techniques to discourage the unauthorized duplication of digital data. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal in a way that is difficult to remove. Protection of digital multimedia content has become an increasingly important issue for content owner and service providers. Watermarking is identified as a major means to achieve copyright protection.

Image domain also known as spatial domain techniques; embed messages in the intensity of the pixels directly. In transform domain; also known as frequency domain, images are first transformed and then the message is embedded in the image. Image domain techniques encompass bit-wise methods that apply bit insertion and noise manipulation and are sometimes characterized as “simple systems”. The image formats that are most suitable for image domain steganography are lossless and the techniques are typically dependent on the image format. Steganography in the transform domain involves the manipulation The main purpose of Steganography, which means ‘writing in hiding’ is to hide data in a cover media so that others will not be able to notice it. While cryptography is about protecting the content of messages, steganography is about concealing their very existence [1]. The applications of information hiding systems mainly range over a broad area from military area, intelligence agencies, internet banking, online elections, medical-imaging and so on. The cover medium is usually chosen keeping in mind the type and size of the secret message and many different type carrier file formats can be used. These variety of applications make steganography a hot

Photography true, untrue or manipulation. Photography was introduced 150 years ago and was considered the truth. But it is a belief that the camera supposedly never lies because it is the photographer that chooses where, when, what, why and how a photograph should be taken.

Abstract- The utilization of PC systems for information transmissions has made the need of security. The security of this intuitive media data should be possible with encryption or information concealing calculations. To diminish the transmission time, the information pressure is necessary. Since couple of years, an issue is to attempt to join pressure, encryption and information covering up in a solitary stride. Picture security turns out to be progressively critical for some applications, e.g., secret transmission, video reconnaissance, military and therapeutic applications. These days, the transmission of pictures is an every day routine and it is important to locate a proficient approach to transmit them over systems. They send Secret message over channel utilizing Cryptography and Steganography calculations by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). It is utilized to scramble the information from plain content to figure content the other way around. There are two sorts of keys accessible in the cryptography, symmetric and asymmetric. There are utilizing symmetric key which is separated into two key, for example, private and open key. Open key is utilized for encryption and private key is utilized for decoding. The reversible information concealing method is utilized to recover the information and picture

Our society solely revolves around technology, unfortunately. Nearly every aspect of modern day lives is influenced and dictated through digital media. The digital in digital media, refers to the use of computers, the software that allow computers to run, and the use of the Internet to communicate the different media tools in digital media. The media in digital media is known as the communication tools that are communicated through the digital aspect of the digital media definition. Media tools can be seen as texts, such as books and newspapers, graphics which can be pictures and videos to audio such as radio and video chat. However, digital media has two important components that classify whether a media source is in fact digital

Email Encryption is the very important topic of todays need. Because it provides the proper security to the message. And in now days everybody wants the proper security for our message so that the original message as it is read by the recipient that are send by the sender without any changes/alternation in the message. So this is the very important topic to cover up and secure our messages from unauthorized user’s access. That provide the security to our communication. So, we can easily communicate without any afraid of hacking of data.

Since from the earlier times, people are bothered about how to securely transmit secret messages. Both Cryptographic techniques and steganographic techniques are used to achieve this aim. In cryptography, the existence of the encrypted message is visible to the world, whereas in Steganography, only the sender and the receiver know the existence of the message. Darrel Hankerson, Alfred Menezes, and Scott Vanstone explained the various arithmetic behind elliptic curves and addresses some issues that arise in ECC implementation in detail [1]. Lawrence C. Washington provides an introduction to both the number theoretic and the cryptographic sides of elliptic curves. To securely transfer text and image through the network, various techniques have been developed in recent years using Elliptic Curve Cryptography [2]. S. Maria Celestin Vigila and K. Muneeswaran proposed an image encryption algorithm using ECC. They generated the values of k and nB by a random number generator, Comparative Linear Congruential Generator (CLCG) to give credibility [3]. Ali Soleymani, Md Jan Nordin, and Zulkarnain Md Ali creates a mapping table which has the intensity values ranging from 0 to 255 along the row and the corresponding columns of each row contain the elliptic curve coordinates. All the pixels of an image are mapped to related points on the elliptic curve using the table and encryption is done using receiver’s public key. To view the cipher image, we refer to the mapping table and find the

Cryptography is the investigation of the strategies of mystery composing, particularly code and figure frameworks, systems, methodology, forms and so on. It is a strategy for putting away and transmitting information in a specific structure. The term is regularly connected with scrambling plain content into figure content likewise called encryption, then back again called as unscrambling. It is a method utilized in securing trustworthiness of electronic messages by changing over them into figure content structure. Just the utilization of a mystery key can change over the figure content again into clear content structure. Cryptography programming and equipment gadgets use numerical calculations to change content starting with one structure then onto the next.