Essay On Dynamic Channel

Cellular communications is such a large aspect of today’s industries, and with the number of consumers already with cell phones drastically increasing all the time, it is good to think about the future, and maybe making the customers you already have, happy and content. There are only so many “new” customers you can gain in today’s market. Phone

This paper is organized as follows: Section II will discuss the evolution of mobile wireless networks, Section III will introduce objectives of the 5G mobile network, Section IV will talk about goals to be evaluated in 5G wireless network communications, and Section V will present some concluding remarks.

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is key enabling technology which provides the capability to share the wireless channel with the licensed users in an opportunistic way. CRs are foreseen to be able to provide the high bandwidth to mobile users via heterogeneous wireless architectures and dynamic spectrum access techniques. In order to share the spectrum with licensed users without interfering with them, and meet the diverse quality of service requirements of applications, each CR user in a CR network must:

The usage of cellular data has increased dramatically in the past few years. In order to improve the capacity of cellular networks a number of techniques have been introduced such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and direct device to device communications. This paper concentrates on the coexistence of cellular and Wi-Fi systems in unlicensed bands. It compares two of the more common methods for delivering cellular data traffic over unlicensed bands: traffic offloading and resource sharing. It also discusses a new hybrid method of transferring cellular data traffic, by combining both of the previously mentioned methods. Even though transmitting cellular signal directly over unlicensed LTE (long-term evolution) can achieve higher QoS (Quality of Service) and efficiency than Wi-Fi system, it is important to have effective resource sharing strategies to provide good performance to both LTE and Wi-Fi systems in the same unlicensed band.

In last few years cellular communication is developed, mobile users are increased and also introduce new features of smart technologies such as virtual environment of data transfer using D2D communications. It performs high speed communication for local cellular networks in approaches [1]-[4] and to minimizing the BS power consumptions as in [5]. The D2D communications proposed for different time slot and same frequency used and carefully managed interference, reducing Base station traffic and minimizing transmission power. The different power saving mechanism in Radio Resource Management (RRM), power control is very important for cellular networks and beneficial to link in adaptation, interference reduction. Depending off on time of day or geographic location BS may be an idle but mobile terminal not negatively affected.

Cellular system divides the area into cells where mobile units are located and aims to increase the capacity of the channel with an efficient level of quality of service. Channel access can be achieved through: Frequency division multiple-access (FDMA), Time division multiple-access (TDMA), Code division multiple-access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple access (SDMA). In this paper we will focus on SDMA systems.

1. Introduction Since contemporary communication came into daily life, people always keep seeking unrestricted communication at all time. Mobile telecommunication satisfied people's demand with the first generation (1G) and the second generation (2G). In the wake of development in multimedia and internet, most of telecommunication mobile networks operators have offered the third generation (3G) to the customers to replace 2G over the past two years. Currently, many ICT professionals and research

Several solutions are available to increase the system capacity: frequency reuse by reducing the cell size, dynamic resource allocation, slow frequency hopping, hierarchical cells etc. The transmission link performance is a key property of a wireless communication system as it determines the coverage of the system. An improvement of the transmission link performance provides a cost-effective way of increasing capacity by allowing reuse of tighter channel. A method of improving the transmission link performance of a wireless communication system is discussed here. These needs are satisfied by arranging a huge number of small radio ports to the existing cellular system. Spot coverage is provided for those areas which are hard or impossible to cover with the outdoor cells. The radio-ports transmit with very low power for a small coverage area and keeping the generated interference low. The reuse of traffic channels between the small areas covered by the radio-ports can possibly be very frequent

We can conclude that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact also when a denser MaBS is deployed in order to compensate for wall attenuation. However, the situation is different for the deployment of new sites, unless the carrier aggregation functionality of LTA-A RAT is used. So we can summarize that, the main lack of the next generation network is recognized as limited coverage with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G mmW system and Wi-Fi. In another hand, we have the lack of the capacity limited by the macro sites. The solution to these two problems, is to investigate the cooperative layouts of macro sites with femtocells, 5G mmW PBS or Wi-Fi to achieve the trade-offs and the synergies between cost, capacity and coverage.

A cellular network is a radio network distributed over land areas called “cells”. Each cell is served by one fixed-location transceiver, which is called a “base station”. When cells are joined together, they provide wireless coverage over a large geographic area, within which mobile stations or phones can communicate with base stations and each other. Overlapping coverage areas allows transmission to be maintained even when mobile stations are moving between cells. Assigning a different set of frequencies to neighboring cells avoids wireless signal interference.

Cellular network is a network where the last connection is wireless. In cellular network multiple low-power transmitters are used, with 100 W or less, thus, the spread range of such a transmitter is small, dividing an area into cells. A band of frequencies is allocated to each cell and each cell is served by a base station (BS), including of transmitter, receiver, and control unit. The base station provides wireless network coverage which can be used

As the technology world evolves and develops faster and better every day, it puts new demands of speed and throughput on the network that supports it. Today especially, we live in a world where everyone is mobile, and it is expected that mobile networks keep pace with the innovations in technology. The successor of 2G and 3G mobile network standard is the 4G mobile network standard. The emergence of 4G, nonetheless, should provide faster and better mobile network connectivity to support the newer and ever more demanding technologies born every day. The emergence of 4G mobile network technology is aimed at offering higher data speeds and the ability to roam across multiple heterogeneous wireless networks for the

capacity on the 2G RF (radio frequency) channels and to introduce higher throughput for data

The concentration of small cells in a network increases; measures need to be taken in order to ensure that the QoS is not degraded for the macrocell users as well as its nearest small cells. Interference managing in Heterogeneous Network in critical position .This is characteristically attained completed bright resource allocation schemes for small cells. In Heterogeneous Network, the mobile network is constructed with layers of small and large cells. This architecture is faced with the task of supply allocation (power, channel, time) for small cells in order to guarantee reliable and high quality service to both primary (macrocell) users as well as secondary (femtocell) users. In mobile network all users can be considered as nomadic, in the form of microcells, hot-spots, circulated antennas and relays becomes predictable. Therefore, for the deployment of the LTE systems the FAPs get a critical inspiring subject, mostly relating to the technical and business influences that it could signify and the method they could be combined efficiently into the LTE building.

According to A. Goldsmith (2005), wireless communications technology is asking as functions of mobile access. Since its inception, it has gone through several stages of development. Its wide range of applications to meet growing demand. (A. Goldsmith, 2005) Multipath fading