Dyslipidemia Essay

“You're more likely to have high cholesterol that can lead to heart disease if you have any of these risk factors such as smoking, obesity, large waist circumference, poor diet, lack of exercise and diabetes.” (Mayo Clinic Staff)

Liver is known as the metabolic port of entry for any endobiotic and xenobiotic substance. The anabolism and catabolism of most of the nutrients are in major performed by the liver. Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism by the liver is of significance as the anomalies in metabolism of these nutrients may introduce several types of metabolic syndromes. The protective effects of aqueous green tea extract have been shown on hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and liver dysfunction in diabetic and obese rat models [74]. Different nutrients combinations were tested in a long-term feeding in experimental mouse model. Regional and continental food habit and practices are very much different. Effects of Western, vegetarian, and Japanese dietary fat

Cholesterol can lead up to coronary heart disease. This is where deposits of lipids cause plaque build-up restricting the blood flow to the heart which

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Type two diabetes is the most common disease today, and it has a great impact on the lives of many people in the United States. Type two diabetes results when the body is resistant to insulin or impaired secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells. The pancreas produces too much insulin, but over time it is not able to make an adequate amount of insulin needed in order to move the glucose into the cells. However, there are many factors that lead to type two diabetes. They are known to be genetic, high body weight, previously identified impaired fasting glucose levels or impaired glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, and history of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 pounds. Type two diabetes effects about 90% to 95% of the cases of disease in the US (Hinkle & Cheever, 2013). It's

This may account for about 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The insulin production is, therefore, impaired and this affects almost one million people in the U.S. Risk factors are less definite for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, but autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in emerging this type of diabetes. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes also known as adult-onset diabetes, may account for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. “This is especially true for women, for 39.9% of African American women, compared with 24.0% of white American women have abdominal obesity”. (Marshall, 2005). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, family history of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. Information from the CDC states, the treatment for type 1 diabetes is healthy eating, physical activity, and insulin injections. The amount of insulin taken must be balanced with food intake and daily activities. Blood glucose levels must be closely monitored through frequent blood glucose testing. Type 2 treatment is the same; however, blood glucose testing is needed. In addition, many people with type 2 diabetes require oral medication, insulin, or both to control their blood glucose levels. People should also eat more fiber by eating more

As mentioned before, CAD is caused by the unwanted build-up of plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries which leads to restriction of blood flow to the heart (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Risk factors that are associated with increasing one’s chance of developing CAD are high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high stress, and family history (Mayo Clinic, 2017). There are two forms of cholesterol that travel within the blood: HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) known as the good cholesterol and LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) known as the bad cholesterol. High cholesterol is correlated with high levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol. The reason high cholesterol levels increase

Also during our interview, G.F. said that last he knew his cholesterol was around 200-210, which places him in the borderline category. Normal range for total cholesterol is <200. After reviewing his 24 hour diet recall, I noticed that he consumed a number of high cholesterol foods. This, along with his lack of blood pressure knowledge and family history of cardiovascular disease, places him at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. According to Fang, J., Ayala, C., Loustalot, F., & Dai, S. (2012), “High blood cholesterol is a leading risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The risks associated with high blood cholesterol can be reduced by screening

“In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes ” (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become more prevalent in the United States due to the decrease in physical activity, the increase in obesity rates, and also the predisposition of genetic factors. In this paper I am going to cover description of history and the disease, etiology, signs and

One source of great mortality and morbidity in Europe and North America is the cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis. It is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the intermediate and large arteries characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary and cerebrovascular heart disease (Wilson, 2005). It accounts for 4.35 million deaths in Europe and 35% death in the UK each year. Mortality rate are generally higher in men than pre-menopausal woman. Past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s (George and Johnston, 2010). Clinical trials have confirmed that lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, inflammation matrix alteration and foam cell formation are

In the United States People 65 years or older has diabetes, and the aging in general population is significant for diabetes become epidemic, diabetes not limited to impact the elderly from working also has the highest mortality rate. In addition elderly with diabetes has hither risk for chronic heart disease and kidney disease (Sure Kirkman, 2012). The number of cases of diabetes type 2 in the United States increase with the increase of age. In 2007 and 2008 national survey data showed “diabetes was 18% higher among Asian Americans, 66% higher among Hispanics, and 77% higher

The body is often able to mask the subtle damage due to the extra work the cardiovascular system is undergoing, but not forever, and for that reason hypertension is often referred to as "the silent killer". In fact, approximately 27% of African Americans with hypertension are unaware of their condition. Unfortunately, many times the first warning signs of hypertension are angina attack, stroke, or even myocardial infarction, all severe cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia is defined as a total cholesterol level greater than 200 mg/dl., LDL cholesterol above 130 mg/d, HDL cholesterol bellows 35 mg/dl; and a lipoprotein level greater than 30 mg/dl. An elevated cholesterol level rigorously lends itself towards conditions such as atherosclerosis, which can in turn lead to more serious CVDs. However, cholesterol is not actually a damage mechanism but rather a risk factor for increased risk of heart disease.

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease where there is an increased amount of sugar in the blood than normal. By far, the most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes, accounting for 95% of diabetes cases in adults. Some 26 million American adults have been diagnosed with the disease. Type 2 Diabetes in particular is a largely ‘lifestyle disease’ that is strongly associated with high blood pressure, high cholesterol and weight gain, particularly around the waist. Type 2 diabetes may be prevented in most cases, but it cannot be cured.

“A major concern at this time is the rapid climb in incidence of Type 2 diabetes, with prevalence now estimated at about 9% (18 million) of the population greater than 20 years of age.” Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are commonly associated (Gould & Dyer, 2011). In addition to the two types of diabetes, there are signs and symptoms that are easily detected and some that develop after diagnosis.

The underlying risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity and an atherogenic diet. The major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this syndrome are smoking, hypertension, increased LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol, aging and a family history of coronary events. The emerging risk factors are increased triglycerides, small LDL particles, insulin resistance, a pro inflammatory and prothrombotic state as well as glucose intolerance. The combination of these factors in one person is a predictor of that person having a future cardiovascular event or the onset of type 2 diabetes (Meigs, 2010). With so many risk factors laying down a set of defined parameters can be daunting. It is no wonder researchers often argue over set guidelines. However with more and more people developing these problems, it is necessary to start somewhere.