Elevated blood pressure (EBP), based on adult treatment panel III (ATPIII) , is described as a systolic BP (SBP) ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 85mmHg(1, 2). Research has suggested that in last 2 decades, the prevalence of hypertension has continued to soar and estimated to cause 7.5 million deaths and approximately 12.8% of the worldwide mortality rate(3, 4). Approximately 25% adult Iranians had hypertension; additionally 46% had prehypertension.(5, 6) Elevated blood pressure is associated with several factors including genetic, environmental, lifestyle and psychosocial factors(7, 8).In this vein, dietary intake is one of the mainenvironmental risk factors related to elevated blood pressure(8, 9). Established modifiable risk factors for elevated BP are lower intakes of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vegetable protein, glutamic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) . Other dietary factors possibly related to elevatad blood pressure …show more content…
Given that dietary eating patterns in Iranian people includes the high consumption of carbohydrate, so that, the mean percentage of the total energy intake from carbohydrate is about 65%, and the total carbohydrate consumption from bread (34.2%) and rice (14.8%) are also significant. Besides, potato, and snack foods which have a high GI, are among those foods rich in carbohydrate available to Iranian population. Thus increased consumption of foods with high GI and GL, may elicit the higher prevalence of blood pressure risk factors (21). Considering the limited data on dietary GI and GL in Iranian adults, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between GI, GL, and hypertension in women
Modern medical advancements have significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious disease as well as the treatment of acute, traumatic conditions. Pharmacological research has also gained insight into the management of chronic disease. Still, there is an epidemic of chronic, treatable diseases like stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Hypertension proves to be the underlying factor associated with these diseases. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because of its indication in deadly disease, and the importance of monitoring ones blood pressure is vital. Lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition are all factors of high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure above safe levels, known as hypertension, puts elevated physical stress on the renal and cardiovascular systems. By controlling this factor in patients, healthcare providers can decrease cardiovascular events, improve health outcomes, and decrease overall mortality. Patient education is often overlooked in its role in the control and prevention of high blood pressure. This paper analyzes the causes and physiology behind high blood pressure as they relate to the current nursing interventions. The role of nurses is discussed in relation to patient education regarding high blood pressure, and educational approaches are analyzed.
Researchers should develop custom instruments (suitable to their needs) to study the cycling transportation performance, since there are no dedicated instruments in this field of research. In this study, we developed an operational Instrumented Probe Bicycle (IPB) that is designed, built, and tested. The IPB is a completely mobile system capable of collecting a variety of empirical data. Several IPBs have been created around the world, which are different from each other based on the type of data needed. Accordingly, data collection from IPB divides into two basic categories, internal bicycle data and external bicycle data. The internal data represent the bicycle movement characteristics (e.g. speed, and acceleration), or direct influences
Primary hypertension can be linked to several risk factors, some in which are evident in K.H.’s history and
The main reason for this is the radical changes put in place so rapidly with immediate effect. This resulted in lack of structure and consistency throughout the whole chain stores, as you gave each store manager to much autonomy to change the store i.e. decor, food menu etc., the business culture values as a whole was lost and that was what made the business a success before. I understand some changes had to be made but not so drastically. The loss of business culture and lack of dimension of structure had a lot negative effect in the business especially demographic and sociology factor wise as regular customers dislike the changes and constant change in staff router, the reason for this was staff/managers never has any incentive target to
The author conclude in their research report that the overall incidence of the pressure ulcer among critically ill infants and children is greater than 10%. Based on the analysis of the research report and the following areas, background information, review of the literature,methodology, data analysis and conclusion, the edvience presented sufficiently supports the researchers conclusion. The author research involved identifying variables consistent with their research topic and then validly measuring them for reliable results.due to phenomology design that was used, the procedure to collect data was simple to carry out with little room for errors, this adding credibility to the evidence and helping to support the conclusion.
In this essay, I am going to explain to you why I am a good fit to go on this special water testing field trip. I will explain to you what careers my EDP says that I am fit for, what past experience may make me more qualified, and if I am willing to make sure that all my work is caught up from what I will miss during this special opportunity. So, I hope you take the time to read this essay and give me the opportunity to go on this field trip.
Currently in the United States of America approximately 3 million U.S citizens are affected by high blood pressure a year. There are two types of high blood pressure, Primary high blood pressure and Secondary high blood pressure. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and when Blood pressure is measured two numbers Systolic Pressure the pressure when the heart is pumping blood, and Diastolic pressure the pressure between heart beats. There are many treatments for high blood pressure for example changing the individual's diet to eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetable, legumes, low fat dairy products, fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, and the individual should limit eating foods high in sodium and salt, red meats, Palm
There are a vast number of risk factors that are associated with the development of hypertension, both modifiable and non-modifiable. The majority of the modifiable risk factors are linked to an unhealthy lifestyle. Examples of these are: a diet high in sodium, a sedentary lifestyle, alcoholism, the use of tobacco, and type-2 diabetes. All of these, except the use of tobacco, can contribute directly one of the most prevalent risk factors, obesity. Excess fat on the body can damage and cause strain on blood vessels. A poor diet and little exercise contribute directly to both obesity and type-2 diabetes. There are also a number of non-modifiable risk factors, such as ethnicity, sex, age, and family history. African Americans are at an increased risk for developing hypertension compared to Hispanics and Caucasians.10 Older individuals, especially women, have a greater chance of developing the condition. Family history also plays a role and high blood pressure can be passed down from generation to generation, just like height and hair color.1 Though non-modifiable risk factors cannot be controlled, the total risk an individual has for developing hypertension stems from both the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Lifestyle choices can either help or hurt, and each person has the ability to control his or her potential risk.
We tested the hypothesis that a single session of EA would be enough to reduce pain and improve disability in individuals with LBP temporarily. The results partially confirmed the hypothesis. While a single session of EA was effective to reduce pain intensity momentarily, one session of EA did not improve disability. Furthermore, some patients did not have pain reduction after one session of EA, but after three weeks of treatment experienced reduced pain intensity and improved functional capacity.
Among currently available bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures, EBUS-TBNA is an increasingly used diagnostic procedure for patients in whom tissue verification of intrathoracic lymph nodes is indicated for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. The technology of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration places a small ultrasound probe in the front of a traditional bronchoscope, and uses the special aspiration needle to undergo the biopsy under the guidance of real-time ultrasound images. On the account of color Doppler, ultrasound images offered by ultrasonic probe, the doctors can clearly distinguish the location, size and shape of a lesions or lymph nodes, the relations of surrounding tissues and blood vessels, and sometimes they can roughly
Hypertension is widely considered to be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (angina, arrhythmia, etc.). It is the second leading disease that causes mortality in the world. Hypertension is the condition when there is an increase in the force of blood on the walls of vessels. It can also be defined as an arterial blood pressure that is raised above 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/ diastolic BP). Hypertension can be classified into Secondary hypertension and Essential hypertension. When specific cause is evident but heredity, and various physiological parameters play a role in increasing blood pressure is known as Essential Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension is one where the cause is known. According to WHO guidelines between 2006 and 2015, deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase by 17% while the deaths from infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal and prenatal conditions are projected to decline by 3%. The main causes of hypertension includes the age ,hereditary, gender, extra weight, alcohol consumption, stress life, lazy life etc.
Over the past few decades, the densely populated East Coast Island of Long Island, New York has experienced tremendous suburban development, a situation that makes tree care and conservation a critical issue for all the inhabitants. Long Island is already home to many forests, parks and nature preserves. It evident therefore, that a good tree cover can go a long way to benefit the local industries and communities living in the New York boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn as well as the suburban counties of Nassau and Suffolk. The entire state of New York is fairly forested. According to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the total forested area in the state covers about 19 million acres or about 63% of the
Approximately one in every three adult’s ages 20 years old and older are diagnosed with high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertension affects 78 million people in the United States and is equally prevalent in both men and woman (Crabtree et al., 2013). Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Hajjar & Kotchen, 2003). It can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, heart failure, neurological issues, and death if not detected early and not treated properly (James, Oparil, Carter, & et al., 2014). Approximately 9.4 million deaths in 2010 were attributed to high blood pressure (Angell, De Cock, & Frieden, 2015). About 54% of strokes, 47% of coronary heart disease, and 25 % of other cardiovascular diseases are attributed to high blood pressure (Arima, Barzi, & Chalmers, 2011).
The two major types of hypertension are primary and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for more than 90% of all cases and has no known cause, although it is hypothesized that genetic factors, hormonal changes, and the altercations in sympathetic tone all may play a role in its development. Secondary hypertension develops as a consequence of an underlying disease or condition. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a major public health issue. When blood pressure is controlled, cardiovascular, renal disease, and stroke may be prevented. The JCN, reported more than 122 million individuals in American are overweight or obese, consume large amounts of dietary sodium and alcohol, and do not eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables; less than 20% exercise regularly. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of hypertension
in the colder parts of the globe. It achieves this in a very unique way. The EAB, during times of cold climate, situates itself in the sapwood of the ash tree. It is here that they stay during winter. During winter EAB accumulates moderately high levels of glycerol in their body fluids. Glycerol is a natural antifreeze agent. The way glycerol works as an antifreeze is by competing for hydrogen bonding with water, which disrupts the crystal lattice formation of ice, unless the temperature is significantly lowered. The temperature at which EAB can actually freeze during winter is very low. Their supercooling point in which they freeze at is negative thirty degrees Centigrade, or negative twenty-two degrees Fahrenheit. If they survive winter