Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Education is the backbone of sustainable development. Education stimulates and empowers people to participate in their own development. A plan for sustainable development must address the issue of education because it plays a critical role not only in expanding further educational opportunities, but also in fostering basic intellectual abilities such as literacy that are crucial to success in a world where power is closely linked with knowledge. Primary education must receive a great amount of attention in developing nations for this reason.
In Bangladesh the expansion of primary education is crucial, just as it is in other developing nations within South Asia and beyond. Bangladesh’s low
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The post-primary stream of education is further classified into four types in terms of curriculum: general education, madrasah education, technical-vocational education and professional education.
01.General Education:
General Education There are three in General Education Primary (Grade I – V) Secondary & Higher Secondary (Grade VI – XII) Tertiary Education (Grade XIII and above)
Primary Education:
The first level of education is comprised of 5 years of formal schooling (class / grades I - V). Education, at this stage, normally begins at 6+ years of age up to 11 years. Primary education is generally imparted in primary schools. Nevertheless, other types of institutions like kindergartens and junior sections attached to English medium schools are also imparting it.
Secondary education:
The second level of education is comprised of 7 (3+2+2) years of formal schooling. The first 3 years (grades VI-VIII) is referred to as junior secondary; the next 2 years (grades IX -X) is secondary while the last 2 years (grades XI - XII) is called higher secondary.
There is diversification of courses after three years of schooling in junior secondary level. Vocational and technical courses are offered in vocational and trade institute/schools. Moreover, there are high schools where SSC (vocational) courses have been
However, some may have different admission criteria or funding arrangements. Children's education in England is normally divided into two separate stages. They begin with Primary education at the age of five and this usually lasts until they are eleven. Then they move to Secondary school, there they stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen or eighteen years of age. The two main categories of school are:- * local authority maintained schools (State Schools) Free to all children between the ages of 5 - 16 * Independent schools. (Private/Public Schools) Parents pay for their children’s education. There are ninety three per cent of children in England and Wales attend State Schools, and this are non-fee-paying school, also was funded from taxes and most are organized by Local Authorities(LA). The cost of resource equipment’s, books, examination fees are covered by the school. However, parents are expected to pay for their child’s uniform and item of sportswear. Charge may also be made for music lessons and for board and lodgings on residential trips. Schools may ask for voluntary contributions for school time activities such as guild reading or school trips, every pupil will include in all activity even if their parents or guardian cannot or do not contribute. State Schooling at different stages School type
In fact, there are still some countries struggling to offer education because they are still in development. Countries in Africa, such as Sudan, are primary victims. According to a research paper, “education is one of the main priorities for the people of South Sudan. As recent studies show, many communities in South Sudan view education as the most important peace dividend.” (Barnaba). After the analysis of school enrollment and completion rates in Sudan, results were rather low. Sudan, a third world country, currently is going through the state of being the most illiterate country in the world. It has placed education as its top priority and may will be finding ways to encourage families to send students.This ultimately has been caused through the poverty of the parents and thus requiring help in supporting the health of the family making education a second priority. Due to that reason, the country is still developing. A huge gap separates the developed countries from the developing countries solely based on the education systems. The paper states, “there is also concern raised on lack of attention to education quality and its failure to reach the marginalized as contributing to the learning crisis”(“Fix the Gaps in Our Education System [column]”). There is a weak management of schooling in many third world countries, which is a primary reason to why they have not developed yet. This is the reason for the gap and
Canada's educational system is similar to the United States. They have three levels, Elementary (Primary School), Secondary (High School)
Then they attend secondary school from ages twelve to fifteen. At age fifteen teenagers can go on to upper secondary education for three years and then to a Technological College or University (APEC, 2012).
In both countries, the students go through twelve years of basic education, beginning at the kindergarten. Education in Vietnam divides into five levels: preschool, primary school, secondary school, high school and higher education. Basic education consists five years of primary school, four years of intermediate school, and three years of secondary school. Public education established and monitored by the State.
There are four types of mainstream schools that have to adhere to the national curriculum and are funded by the LEA (Local Education Authority). These are:
Due to the (1) significance of education for each child on the planet, the (2) existing barriers to education around the world and the fact that (3) education is a lifelong learning process for everyone, this essay argues that it is essential to make sure that everyone in the world gets an education.
Next is Key Stage 2, beginning at the age of about 7-8, this covers years 3-6, where at the end National tests (SATs) in English and Maths are taken alongside with teacher assessment of National Curriculum subjects.
In the American schooling system, children begin primary school around the age of six, this is called elementary school and most students stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students may go on to “higher education” known as college, but any schooling done after high school is no longer mandatory.
Finally the last level of education in Iceland is Higher education, which is the same as the United States, and basically worldwide. This level is available to anyone who has completed the previous level of education in Iceland, and they may apply to study at a University. In the country of Iceland there are 7 total higher education institutions, although most people choose to complete part if not all of their education abroad.
The proportion of children who are enrolled in primary schools has increased from 49% to 77% in the past decade in sub-Saharan Africa. This increase in enrollment is due mostly to the initiative of the governments from these regions to improve universal primary education. However, much remains to be done because even though enrollment has been made a possibility in a lot of these countries, there are a lot of other variables at play that still prevent children from receiving a quality education. Things such as poverty, cultural traditions, gender violence, and the incidence of early marriage are a major reason for disadvantaged groups, particularly poor girls, not making as much progress in enrolling
Education comes with social benefits as well which can improve the situation of the poor, such as lower fertility and improved health care of children ("Poverty and Education"). "Poor people are often unable to obtain access to an adequate education, and without an adequate education people are often constrained to a life of poverty." - Servaas Van Der Berg. The absolutely poor in developing countries have low education levels. Some may not even have access to primary education or may not have completed their primary education, not realizing that it is important to reduce poverty. Education is often poorly measured, and the impacts do not always show up as statistically significant in cross- country growth regressions (Levine & Renelt, 1992). Africa’s education crisis makes media headlines and analysis by the Brookings Center for Universal Education (CUE) explains why this needs to change. Progress towards universal primary education has come to a halt and learning levels of children who are in school are poor as well. Using a Learning Barometer, CUE estimates that 61 million African children will reach adolescence lacking even the most basic literacy and numeracy skills, this will deprive a whole generation of opportunities to develop and escape poverty ("Poverty, Education, & Opportunity").
Sustainability development has three components: environment, society, and economy. If you consider the three to be overlapping circles of the same size, the area of overlap in the center is human well-being. As the environment, society, and economy become more aligned, the area of overlap increases, and so does human well-being. Therefore, education for sustainable development (ESD) is the use of education as a tool to achieve sustainability. Simply put, ESD is a way to make the world a safer, healthier, and more livable place for us and future generations (McKeown, 2002, pgs 7-9).
Per to an article, Bangladesh defines education as an essential requirement for every child. Without education, it is difficult to progress for survival, security, advancement and the nature of a person’s life without training, thus education is the only way to develop. It is further added that ‘’no child should be treated differently only because of their race, religion, nationality or subjected to any disability.