Among four instructional design models presented in this module, please select two and discuss the educational benefits/suitability of those two models for your teaching. “The debate about instruction largely hinges on how students learn and what degree of structure and support they need to acquire important skills and knowledge.” according to Archer, L.A, & Hughes, C.A. (2011)
Hence, the purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two instructional models, namely Project Based Learning (PBL) and Explicit Instruction (EI) and discuss the educational benefits/suitability of these two models to the teaching of mathematics in high school.
What are the main objectives or learning outcomes this particular instructional design model aim
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They will achieve this by spending an extended period of time in groups investigating and finding the necessary information required to effectively answer the challenging issue or problem. So though both models seek to assist students to learn and engage in their learning the processes/steps in which they will engage in to achieve this outcome differ immensely.
Does this instructional design model provide clear directions for teachers to select, structure, and sequence learning activities?
Explicit Instruction does indeed provide clear directions for teachers to select, structure, and sequence learning activities as illustrated by the range of instructional behaviours that characterise an explicit approach to teaching students
Researchers such as Swanson (1995) have identified a set of steps that teachers need to concentrate on so that genuine explicit teaching takes place.
These include:
1. Focus instruction on critical content.
2. Sequence skills logically
3. Break down complex skills and strategies into smaller instructional units. mastered, units are synthesized (i.e., practiced as a whole).
4. Design organised and focused lessons.
5. Begin lessons with a clear statement of the lesson’s goals and your expectations.
6. Review prior skills and knowledge before beginning instruction
7. Provide step-by-step demonstrations.
8. Use
Research has provided many strategies for effective classroom instruction and lesson organization. Throughout my lesson, I used direct/ explicit instruction model that I have learned from different education courses and readings to serve as a model for my instruction. Rosenshine
This assignment is another opportunity to apply the principles of universal design for learning (UDL) in the design of instruction and assessment. In this assignment, a lesson plan is developed, incorporating UDL and effectively leveraging educational technologies in the classroom.
According to Smith and Ragan (2008) “Instructional Design is a process in which many items of materials are developed, designed, and delivered” (Smith and Ragan 2008). Instructional design has given me information on strategies to develop effective lesson plans in which will support my students to be fully engaged with the activities provided in a classroom environment. Instructional design also supports ideas on planning lessons for students with diverse and cultural needs for all learners. The eight learning outcome supported ideas for my students to become more familiar with integrating technology in class with their peers in which supported a diverse environment. While incorporating technology into my activities strategies of
My instructional model includes five of the seven skills that are mentioned in the article. The first part of my instructional model includes me teaching the students information through a variety of ways. This does not apply to any of the seven skills, but instead is an input of information they will use to eventually learn the other skills.
Setting Instructional Direction. My interest in Instructional Design began during my first year of teaching when I had poor classroom management skills and looked for solutions to managing a disruptive classroom. I learned that I was in charge of my classroom, the kids’ behavior was up to me, and the easiest way to have a smooth classroom was to design lessons that did not allow for off-task behavior and to deliver those lessons with strong instructional strategies. Because it was up to me to engage my students in their own learning, I had to find instructional strategies that worked for my kids, and I’ve spent the past 18 years continuing to do so. The result has been my passion for teaching and learning.
7. Learning Activities: Guided Practice/ Collaborative Practice (Check for understanding and provide feedback and re-teaching)
Supported Practice – “We do it phase” introduces guided instruction within the classroom. During this phase students increase their understanding
In the practice of teaching, it is the responsibility of a teacher not only to teach students subject matter, but to teach students in order to enable them to grow and develop as a person. While it is essential for students to have an understanding of academic material, it is also equally as important that when students finish their education they have skills to use in
It is argued that there are 4 elements critical to the effectiveness of the instructional process: 1. the learner, 2. the teacher, 3. the home, and 4. the academic programs and the physical facilities at the school. These are interdependent and interactive and must function in unison for effective teaching to take place. The teacher's primary responsibility is to help
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). The elaboration theory: Guidance for scope and sequence decisions. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (Vol. II, pp. 425-453). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Everyday, teachers are faced with the challenge of teaching students new information that is valuable to their future. Teachers are responsible to determine what and how information is taught. How this information is taught to students is pertinent to their success; therefore, teachers must be able to use effective teaching methods in the classroom. Students have diverse learning styles; therefore, teachers need to determine how students learn best and pattern their teaching to accommodate these differences. During elementary school, children learn to read and write, acquire a basic understanding of content areas, and develop dispositions toward
Teaching with purpose to have a desired outcome is one perspective to examine Dr. Robert Marzano’s book The Art and Science of Teaching. The instructional situation that I am familiar with is elementary. As I examine Marzano’s ten instructional design questions, that represent a logical planning sequence for effective instructional design, I will use elementary lenses.
Effective differentiated instruction reflects where the students currently are in their educational stage and not where a teacher wishes them to be. This step is important; placing students either too high or too low in the instruction can be adverse to the teacher’s goal of helping all students. Developing lesson strategies for students that are too demanding may have a negative effect on performance and reinforce negative emotions concerning learning. Likewise, developing lesson strategies that do not challenge students to perform at their best can also have a negative effect. Some students that are not engaged by a teacher's instruction are left adrift waiting for new or more stimulating material. Engaging students in the learning strategy is the key ingredient in producing active learners.
Instructional design is defined as a system using learning theory that creates specifications for the development and implementation of learning experiences, materials, and environments (Whitmyer, 1999). According to Dick and Carey, "An instructional analysis is a set of procedures that, when applied to an instructional goal, results in the identification of the relevant steps for performing a goal and the subordinate skills required for a student to achieve the goal" Thus, the instructional analysis breaks the skills described in your goal statement down into smaller steps, and then identifies any other relevant skills that might be necessary. The instructional analysis is developed from your goal statement, which highlights the importance of making sure your goal statement is well written and worthwhile. Dick and Carey actually break the instructional analysis step into two parts: Goal Analysis and Subordinate Skills Analysis. Instructional design models serve as
The quality of teaching and learning in mathematics is a key challenge for teachers. It is important for teachers to adopt instructional design techniques to achieve higher accomplishment in mathematics (Rasmussen & Marrongelle, 2006). Instructional design alone cannot produce better learning and achievement. The instructional designer must know critical factors that influence student learning and build a bridge between goals and student performance. Identifying these factors will help to utilize limited resources including financial resources and time more effectively