Endotherm Lab Report

To determine the metabolic rate of a goldfish two different methods can be applied, direct or indirect calorimetry. Direct calorimetry analyzes the exothermic reaction when ATP is produced by measuring the amount of heat that is released. Meanwhile, indirect calorimetry measures the amount of carbon dioxide or oxygen because both are components of aerobic respiration, a process which repeatedly supplies more ATP to match the demands of metabolic rate of an organism. Evidently, metabolic rate is the cumulative sum of energy used by all the cells. Most of this energy comes from regulating homeostasis, locomotion and thermoregulation. On the other hand, ectotherms like goldfish have a slight difference in their metabolic rates because their internal temperature directly correlates with the temperature of their environment. For this reason, ectotherms use less energy because they do not need to worry about thermoregulation, maintaining constant body temperature. However, temperature, size, amount of light and stimulus are factors that can affect metabolism of goldfish. Thus, this experiment will measure the metabolic rate of goldfish through in

After the Daphnia was given time to calm down, the team took a reading of its heart rate at room temperature (27 degrees C). The reading was taken by counting the heart beats for ten seconds and then multiplying by six to yield beats per minute. Next, a glass Petri dish was filled with ice water at five degrees Celsius. The cold water Petri dish was placed on the stage of the microscope, and the Daphnia was placed on top of the dish. When the Daphnia had been given a minute to acclimate to the changes, another heart rate reading was taken. Then the same procedure using the Petri dish to changed environmental conditions was used with cold tap water (23 degrees), warm tap water (30 degrees), and hot tap water (45 degrees). A heart rate reading was taken for each temperature.

In this unit we have conducted research and experiments on our chosen reactions to create the highest exothermic reaction for the The Heat-and-Eat meal pack will use a chemical reaction that involves two reactants. Reactant 1 is a solid and Reactant 2 is a liquid.

In this lab, we are going to try to answer the question, Does body size affect endotherms metabolic rates? This question is very controversial among scientists. They’ve only agreed on one thing, there are different scalings between animals, but they don 't know how that affects metabolism and why (Hoppler and Weibel 2005). Some scientist’s studies show that body size in endotherms does affect metabolism rate due to SA/V ratios. The ratios affect the endotherms metabolism based on how high or low the SA/V ratio is. An animal with a larger SA/V ratio puts off more heat to their environment. This results in smaller animals having to burn through their food more to maintain their body temperature (“Unit 4 Demos More on Metabolic Rate”). What led us to the formation of our experiment was the experiment performed in the article Smith et al. (2015). In

When an endotherm is subjected to severe cold it is liable to lose heat energy but this can be counteracted in a number of ways;

In the human body the internal temperature is maintained at 37 degrees Celsius and this is maintained as a result of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the process of balancing or keeping a stable internal environment in the body. A majority of organ systems in the body contribute to homeostasis, however there are two very important organ systems that play a massive role within this process, and they are the endocrine and nervous system. Both are crucial as they permit communication in the body and the integration of cells as well as tissue functions.

Specifically we will aim to measure how ambient temperatures affect the metabolic rate via oxygen consumption rates. Further, we will aim to identify the lower critical temperature. We hypothesis that both 10C and 30C are outside the thermoneutral zone for Mus Musculus. We predict metabolic rate to increase at the extremities of the TMZ ; the metabolic rate will be static in the thermoneutral zone but will increase as the range of the zone is

The room temperature was measured throughout the lab and kept constant at 24°C (+/- 1°C), as the lab was conducted during the same time of

This lab is performed in order to determine the total energy in a reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. The reaction is done twice, once to measure the heat of the reaction and again to determine the work done in the system. This is because Enthalpy equals heat plus work (∆H= ∆E+W). Heat and work can be broken down further into separate components so the equation used in lab is ∆H=mc∆T + PV. Many calculations are used in the lab to find out what cannot be measured directly (ex: volume). After all the calculations were complete it was shown to have a very small percent error.

Purpose: To measure the heats of reaction for three related exothermic reactions and to verify Hess’s Law of Heat Summation.

Calorimetry is the science of measuring the change in heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction. The change in heat can tell us if the reaction is either exothermic - it released or heat into surroundings, or endothermic - it absorbed heat from surroundings. The device used to measure calorimetry is a calorimeter. A calorimeter can range from very expensive lab ones to coffee styrofoam cups but they are all tightly sealed in order to prevent heat from escaping.

Chemical reactions make new things by rearranging other things. In a chemical reaction, the main change that occurs relates to the way atoms are bonded to each other, in order to change those connections, bonds must be broken and new bonds be formed.

The body must maintain a constant state of equality called homeostasis so that our body will operate at its max potential. The definition for homeostasis is “The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback control, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.” (Biology-Online) So basically an organism tries to no matter its external conditions maintain the optimal internal conditions so that its internals don't take damage from the temperature and will remain at the normal and expected operating temperature.To do this the animal must consume energy from inside its body so that it can perform the act of maintaining homeostasis. This energy most often comes from

called active transport What helps maintain homeostasis so let's start with cell membrane/cell transportation, the cell membrane is what lets cell’s in but not always out,

Body temperature is maintained within a fairly regular range by the hypothalamus that is found in the brain. The hypothalamus