Episodic Memory

Holladay, April. "How Does Human Memory Work?" How Does Human Memory Work? USATODAY.com, 15 Apr. 2007. Web. 04 October 2015.

Memories are crucial to everything we do every day. Without memories we would not know who is important to us or what we enjoy doing. We use our memories continuously, even when we do not realize that we are. In her memoir Brain on Fire, Susannah Cahalan loses much of her episodic memory from the time period in which she battled Anti-NDMA-receptor encephalitis. Because of this, she loses a portion of her identity, and struggles for a period of time while attempting to find herself again.

fMRI studies usually include a episodic memory (EM) task, because EM dysfunction is the important phenomena among the cognitive changes within a 3-year time, following a diagnosis in AD. Some of the research has illustrated that EM performance downtrend with healthy aging and is uptrend in MCI and AD. Additionally, semantic memory (SM) task have successfully foretell the cognitive downstream and have an edge over EM tasks. It has been realized that performance decline on SM tasks are less severe than EM declines in normal aging and MCI (Hodges & Patterson, 1995). The article compares these two techniques and explains which technique can help us achieve accurate results. The study involved specifically chosen 78 healthy older adults. Participants

Some scientists believe that parts of long term memory are permanent while others will eventually weaken over time. (3) Long term memory can be divided into three sections: procedural memory, declarative memory, and remote memory. Procedural memory includes motor skills such as learning how to ride a bike or how to drive a car. "Such memories are slow to acquire but more resistant to change or loss." (4) Declarative memory is used to remember facts, such as names, dates and places. It is easy to learn but also easy to lose. Finally there is episodic memory, which is the record of events that a person stores throughout his or her experience. Recent studies show that these events, as soon as they occur, are sent to a temporary part of the brain called the hippocampus, and that over time they are moved to the neocortex for permanent storage. (5).

1. “The authors refer to “episodic-like memory” as the kind of episodic memory present in nonhuman animals. Based on the rationale provided by the authors in the introduction of the article, as well as on the characteristics of episodic memory postulated by Tulving, explain how episodic-like memory is similar to and how it is different from human episodic memory?(8 points)”

Do you remember the time you had learned to ride a bike? Do you understand how you can still ride a bike every day? The answer is called Procedural Memory. Procedural memory is a step-like process of how to do the important work that you decide every day. It is connected with long term memory and is the most basic form of memory. Procedural memory is usually part of an implicit memory. Procedural memory refers to the sensory motor skills by repeating the actions over and over. The procedural memory stores bags of information in our heads on how to perform a specific procedure and makes actions more automatic. In addition, these memory systems can function independently, so you cannot lose those memories. Many examples are playing an

I would like to write my research proposal this semester on the effects of HIV on prospective memory. I chose this topic for two reasons, one personal and one professional. First, my cousin died of AIDS in 2007. I didn’t get to know him very well and did not know that he was sick until right before he died. Even though we weren’t close, I’ve always felt a connection to him. I would like to know what his life was like as he lived with his illness and this topic would give me insight into how he lived leading up to his death. Second, I want to be a counselor for children and adolescents with chronic illnesses, HIV being one of the illnesses that I want to work with. I believe that knowing how HIV affects the prospective memory of my future patients will allow for me to help them overcome any deficiencies so that they can correctly manage their disease and excel in school despite their illness.

Based on movie, the story itself portrays a complicated story line, which need to be more critically analyses about the way Leonard solve his problem during he is in the state of an anterograde amnesia. This movie explains the symptoms, causes and treatments accordingly. However, the storyline mention about the treatments through Leonard’s client during his working time as an insurance investigator before Leonard experience amnesia. Leonard can retrieved information before he experience the amnesia, and remember the way his clients solve the problem and use the same way to solve his problems.

Amnesia is when people forget things easily. They tend to forget information that is stored in their memory. If you are a little forgetful it doesn’t mean you have amnesia, but if you forget a lot of memories that you should have not forgot you have amnesia. Examples of amnesia are important milestones in your life, memorable events, key people in life, and important fact that we have been told or taught. Just like you see something happen and then someone asks you what happened and you can’t remember. Normal causes could be from brain damage or using sedative drugs. Alzheimer’s disease is one of the big diseases you could get from amnesia. People find it hard to imagine the future if they have amnesia. (Researchers form Washington University in St. Louis, Christina Nordqvist. 2009) used advanced brain imaging techniques to show the remembering the past and envisioning the future may go hand-in-hand, with each process sparking strikingly similar patterns of activity within precisely the same broad network of brain regions. Remembering events and experiences is a very complex brain process. Although amnesia is a popular theme for movies and books, it is a very rare condition (Christina Nordqvist, 2009).

According to the study, episodic memory, which represents our personal memories of past experiences, “allows individuals to project themselves both backward and forward in subjective time.”

Since the availability of semantic information depends directly on episodic information, it is not clear that two types of memories are needed when one would probably be sufficient. Barsalou and Bower discuss specific ways in which particular processing episodes may affect the psychology of lexical semantics. To start with, a word can refer to different kinds of instances. "Car" can refer to cars with or without air conditioning. Consequently, the accessibility of "air conditioning" should depend on the type of car someone is used to. In general, properties of a concept not typically found for familiar referents may become CD through disuse.

“Memories are the of dreams” (Baylor and Cavallero) In a study entitled, Memory of dreams: the incorporation of autobiographical rather than episodic experiences” by the University of Bedfordshire, states that the subject you see in you dreams are based on your “waking-life” memories. (Horton p. 441) In the study, they focused on whether people with anterograde amnesia remembers information about themselves more or the events that he experienced. The study showed that episodic memories were dreamt of more. Furthermore, it also showed that the dreams we see are just a mere interpretation of real life experience. (Horton p. 444) Dreams are commonly about experiences-- the people you’ve met, the places you’ve been to, or something you’ve done.

Memory Retrieval is the process in which information is taken out of storage. This process is related to memory encoding and storage in such a way that co-occurring information during encoding - like the way information is encoded, and how stored information is organized - serves as cues and aids for remembering. Memory retrieval is tricky because it is a process that is observed and evaluated based on the accuracy and amount of time it takes to re-familiarize yourself with material already learned assesses your aptitude for re-learning. Psychologists have created memory models to help understand how we form and retrieve our memories. This process to a certain degree resembles a computer. Recall is the retrieval of information that has been

Long-term memory is made up of both semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory is all of the information that one accumulates over a long period of time that is not linked by time or place. This includes information related to who, what, and why. Episodic memory acts as the memory for when and where (Argumosa, M. A., 2010).

From the research conducted, eidetic and rote memorization techniques are totally different. The students who use eidetic memorization technique think critically, and they didn’t have a habit to forget in short period of time while students used rote memorization have the habit to forget in short period of time. Conversely, there is the explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory is the information you have intentional work to remember while the implicit memory is the information that you remember unconsciously and effortless (Cherry, 2016). In a conducted experiment, I have seen that the students who used eidetic memorization technique are able to remember many correct words in the long period of time. So, eidetic memorization deals with