2.3.1 GABA in management of hypertension
GABA plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure. Various studies have described that GABA can reduce high blood pressure in animals and humans. Table 2.2 depicts some of the examples that have revealed the hypotensive role of GABA. The blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive humans and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) decreases due to intake of GABA-rich food, as reported by Hayakawa et al., (2004) and Kajimoto et al., (2004), respectively. Direct injection of GABA (50–200 μg) reduced arterial pressure and heart rate in Wistar rats (Sasaki et al., 1996). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR was effectively reduced after 8 weeks of oral administration of GABA and peptide-enriched
…show more content…
The antihypertensive effect in humans has also been studied with an algae enriched with GABA, which reduced BP after oral administration of 20 mg of GABA for 12 weeks. Its use, therefore, as a dietary supplement has been suggested (Shimada et al., 2009). Also, a mushroom species (Agaricus blazei) with enhanced GABA levels has revealed an antihypertensive effect on mild hypertensive human subjects (Watanabe et al., 2003). A dietary supplementation of 80 mg of GABA also reduced BP in adults with mild hypertension (Matsubara et al., 2002). Joye et al., (2011) suggested that the daily consumption of one portion (30 g) of GABA-enriched breakfast cereals lowered BP.
Table 2.2 GABA as blood pressure lowering agent
Food type GABA dosage Type of subject Reference
Green tea 4 mg Rat Abe et al., 1995
Direct injection 50–200 μg Rat Sasaki et al., 1996
Dietary supplementation 80 mg Human Matsubara et al., 2002
Tempeh-like fermented soybean nr Rat Aoki et al., 2003
Fermented milk 100 ml (containing 10–12 mg of GABA) Human Inoue et al., 2003
Mushroom (Agaricus blazei) nr Human Watanabe et al., 2003
Fermented milk 0.5 mg Rat Hayakawa et al., 2004
Fermented milk nr Human Kajimoto et al., 2004
Soybean powder 0.15% Male rat Shizuka et al., 2004
Potato snack 1.7 mg/kg BW Rat Noguchi et al., 2007
Soy sauce 0.33 ml/kg BW (containing 1% of GABA) Rat
The aim of this essay is to reflect and discuss my knowledge acquired in a simulated learning skill experience which forms part of my training as a student nurse in accordance with the Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC 2010).
Liver is known as the metabolic port of entry for any endobiotic and xenobiotic substance. The anabolism and catabolism of most of the nutrients are in major performed by the liver. Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism by the liver is of significance as the anomalies in metabolism of these nutrients may introduce several types of metabolic syndromes. The protective effects of aqueous green tea extract have been shown on hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and liver dysfunction in diabetic and obese rat models [74]. Different nutrients combinations were tested in a long-term feeding in experimental mouse model. Regional and continental food habit and practices are very much different. Effects of Western, vegetarian, and Japanese dietary fat
Mr. Dunn's blood pressure reading is 189/110. His LDL cholesterol reading is 200 mg/dl. He asks the student nurse if he should be concerned about his blood pressure.
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major health condition which affects many Americans. This health condition may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. A normal blood pressure consists of systolic blood pressure divided by diastolic blood pressure, 120/80mmHg (millimeters of mercury). High blood pressure is defined as systolic pressure which is greater than 140mm Hg, and diastolic pressure which is over 90mm Hg. Hypertension influences the health outcomes of black Americans more than other races in the United States. Racial discrimination and socioeconomic status are two major factors which influence the rate of high blood pressure in the black American population.
What supports the diagnosis of chronic renal failure instead of acute renal failure? Give reasons from George’s history; his signs/symptoms.
Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. A normal blood pressure is 120/80. A blood pressure reading higher or equal to 140/90 is considered abnormally high. Elevated blood pressure means your heart is working harder than normal, putting both your heart and arteries under great strain. High blood pressure is serious business.
The article titled “Hypertension” written by Neil R Poulter , Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mark Caulfield. It published on journal “The lancet” volume 386. This article is reliable because it was published in august 22 in 2015, which means there has very useful information. Also, The website is always available and organized well which is makes the article reliable, and using formal English. The authors are credible. The site provided contact information such as e-mail.
Hypertension (HT), defined as a chronic elevation of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP), is in all probability the most common chronic disease today. Clinically hypertension is not a disease at usual sense it is a risk factor for many future vascular diseases1,2. In human body blood pressure is maintained by several factors such as kidney, sympathetic nervous system, hormonal mechanisms along with the diet taken. These include lipids, magnesium, sodium, potassium and the total energy intake3.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, before effective pharmacological treatment for hypertension came about, the three main treatments were used. These included restricting the level of sodium intake through the rice diet for example, sympathectomy which was the surgical ablation of parts of the sympathetic nervous system and finally, pyrogen therapy which involved injecting substances that caused a fever which indirectly reduced blood pressure. However, all of these treatments had numerous side-effects. Globally, the overall percentage of raised blood pressure cases in adults aged 25 and over was around 40% in 2008. In terms of the world’s population, the proportion of people with high blood pressure or uncontrolled hypertension fell slightly
life or death. Knowing the chances and the odds is important so we can become aware and
Ms.[Name] returns today. She relays that she is doing well. She is having troubles with her weight, as we discussed it.
Although gross medical advancements have allowed the human population to live longer and fuller lives without the threat of death from infectious diseases, it is apparent that we are now dealing with a different phenomenon that may be just as harmful to our health. The impact of psychological, social and environmental factors from our daily lives is having a drastic impression on the mental and physical wellbeing of our society. It has been shown in various studies that psychological and neurological factors influence the immune system and can have an effect on our health (Breedlove, Rosenzweig & Watson, 2010). As we allow various stressors, poisonous substances, unhealthy diets and lack of rest to overwhelm our existence, we are
16. GABA is rich in the brown rice. It controls the blood pressure, blood cholesterol and neutral fat. It is an neurotransmitting substance existing in a brain and it suppresses the stimulation of the nerves and activates brain cells.
Manual blood pressure techniques are compounded with many factors that may affect the measurement (Myers, 2010). Patient anxiety and poor blood pressure measurement technique by the health professional can result in a misdiagnosis and improper drug treatment (Myers, 2010).
The hypotension is a condition in which the blood pressure is much lower than the values considered being normal. Blood pressure varies from person to person. In general it is considered hypotension a condition in which the maximum pressure (or systolic) is equal to or lower than 90 mmHg and the minimum (or diastolic) is equal to or less than 60 mmHg. The hypotension causes are multiple and different significance: therefore vary from a trivial dehydration to more serious disorders. Low pressure is a disorder that can affect any person regardless of age.