making this trade more attractive” for the traffickers (Shelley, 2010, p.2). Although profit is a large proponent in why traffickers traffic humans, it is not the sole reason. Overall, free trade, free markets, greater economic competition and a decline in state intervention when it comes to human trafficking, compacted with the greater mobility of goods and rapid communication are all driving forces in the globalization process.
Approaches and Problems in Achieving Rights Human trafficking violates the most basic of human rights, neglecting basic economic, social, and cultural rights as well as “the freedom from coercion at work, the freedom to set up associations and bargain collectively, and the freedom from discrimination at work” (ILO,
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Since the global issue of human trafficking is one that transcends through multiple borders and countries, it then becomes difficult to enact one legal instrument that can protect persons who are being trafficked through multiple different states that have different laws and legislations. Moreover, as stated by Chuang (2006), the current legal responses are often reluctant in addressing the socio-economic root causes of the problem as they typically adopt a “three-prong” framework focused solely on the prosecution of trafficker, protecting trafficked persons, and preventing trafficking (Chuang, 2006, p.2). However, Chuang (2006) further explains that the legal response is often focused predominantly on prosecuting traffickers, and to a lesser extent, protecting trafficked persons. The problem with this approach is that the broader socioeconomic reality that drives the trafficking in human beings becomes overlooked. Essentially, Chuang (2006) is arguing that there needs to be a shift in how governments view trafficking and shift from a legal framework and instead view this issue from the framework of migration, poverty, discrimination, and gender based violence. Against this backdrop, trafficking is reframed as a migratory response to the current globalizing trends (Chuang, 2006, …show more content…
It is perpetuated by the constant flow of globalization, which enables it to terrorize the most vulnerable groups of humans worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary for the protection of human rights such as the basic economic, social, and cultural rights as well as international advocacy for the rights of victims to help remedy this social issue. Moreover, given the transnational nature of human trafficking, it is highly unlikely that any real success in solutions will be achieved at the national level, thus it is necessary for international collaboration. Although many international institutions such as Interpol, the U.N., and a host of non-governmental organizations are teaming up to combat human trafficking, what they are missing is an internationally-accepted standardized methodology when it comes to human trafficking data collection (Kabance, 2014, p.31). States such as, international government agencies, NGOs, and even local law enforcement measure and define statistics and define various elements of human trafficking differently, which has proven to be a major barrier in the fight against human trafficking (Kabance, 2014, p.31). One suggestion of combatting the issue of international standardization, communication and cooperation between states is to create “an extra-governmental Coalition of Freedom comprised of key anti- trafficking NGOs, economists, business leaders, lawyers,
Human trafficking is defined as a recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, of receipt of persons, by means of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power of a position of vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation (Human Trafficking Information). Today human trafficking, also known as modern-day slavery, has been one of the controversial issues in the United States and nationwide. In fact, it is now considered as the fastest growing multi-billion-dollar business form of organized crime. Also, Human trafficking is affecting the lives of millions around the globe and robbing the victims of their pride. As a matter of fact, Traffickers deceive men, women, and young children from around the world to force them into unspeakable
The recognition and development of human rights has dramatically changed internationally and domestically due to the constant change in societies needs, wants and values. Over the past 20 years many human rights have been implemented and recognized by various legal and non-legal measures to protect, promote and enforce these rights. The world has made great progress in identifying violations of individuals and societies human rights and has provided great efforts through legal and non-legal measures to protect issues that arise. There are a range of contemporary human rights issues that are being addressed domestically and internationally. One of the issues is the development of human trafficking and slavery. The United Nations defines human trafficking as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion) for an improper purpose including forced labor or sexual exploitation". In order to correctly evaluate the effectiveness of Non- legal and legal measures in addressing these contemporary issues international and domestic efforts must be considered.
“Globalization influences human trafficking as traffickers take advantage of new transparent borders, broadband communication, and economic upheaval to prey on those most vulnerable … people are largely defined by their economic worth, and since the most vulnerable have only their bodies to sell (labor … sex) … human beings become commodities and victims” (Burke 2013). Additionally, chapter four defines population and migration as an explanation for human trafficking. As the world’s population increases dramatically, there are many poor and vulnerable individuals who are forced to find a way to survive. “Traffickers are resourceful, inventive, and opportunistic, and can find a way to manipulate … population growth … there is an increase in the supply of potential victims who traffickers can exploit and from whom they can profit” (Burke 2013). Victims are driven into human trafficking because they are unable to sustain themselves living in poverty, or are vulnerable as an immigrant or refugee.
In recent years, due to the threat it poses to human security, human trafficking has been identified as one of the major and fast growing transnational problems. It is also perceived as a form of modern slavery and one of the greatest human rights challenges of our times. Therefore, tackling human trafficking is highly prioritized in many countries (European Commission, 2009). In the last 20 years the occurrence of human trafficking has dramatically increased, and trade in human beings has become one large part of the illicit global economy. Many criminals see this type of transnational crime as a low risk- high reward crime, and this may be one of the reasons why they show a preference for it (Lee, 2007). The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, also known as the Palermo Protocol, adopted in 2000 defines human trafficking as: “The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a
Trafficking in human beings is now the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Men, women and children are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders. More than one person is smuggled across a border every minute which is the equivalent to ten jumbo jets every single day. And the trade earns twice as much as the Coca Cola brand. (STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014)
Over the last several years, the issue of human trafficking has been compared with the slave trade. This is because both are focused on taking someone against their will and forcing them to engage in demeaning activities. Yet, the practices of modern traffickers are different from slave traders. To fully understand the similarities and disparities requires contrasting them with one another. The combination of these factors will provide specific insights about the two. (Bales, 2010)
Overview: Every country in the world has now abolished slavery, yet millions of people continue to find themselves subject to contemporary forms of slavery and human trafficking, such as child labor, sex traf-ficking and forced or bonded labor. In this paper I will demonstrate why it is important to recognize human trafficking as a matter of human rights and social justice, rooted in larger structural issues relating to the global economy, human security, foreign policy, and labor and gender relations. Such reframing involves overcoming several of the most difficult barriers to the development of human rights discourse: women's rights as human rights, labor rights as a unification of structure and agency, the interdepend-ence of migration
The illicit trafficking of humans for purposes of slavery continues to be a global issue and clear violation of fundamental Human Rights. Article 4 of The UDHR states; “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms”. Human trafficking is defined as the commercial trade of human beings for the purpose of some form of slavery or exploitation, a clear violation of individual human rights. It is hard to quantify the extent of the issue, however the UN has estimated that there are over 2.5 million victims of human trafficking across state boarders. As an international issue, human trafficking requires international attention - however for international laws to be most effective they
Citizens of other countries see the United States as the land of the free.While back in their own countries, they may suffer from government persecution which will increase their desire to move out of their countries. Now for human traffickers, they see this as a golden opportunity to lure their next victim into their reach. One of the many ways human trafficking is caused is by various push factors that countries of origin make for a cause for migration to other countries where those moving will be more susceptible to human trafficking. In an essay that focuses on the causes of human trafficking,written by Sophie Hofbauer, it concludes that the main cause for an increase in human trafficking from nation to nation is an increase of hostile
120). He suggests industrialization, urbanization, advanced technologies, and good transportation are factors that attract people to be trafficked. Specifically, Chuang (2006) states three pull factors which explain some of Mishra’s points in detail. They are “unmet labor demands in the wealthier destination countries”, “higher salaries and standards of living abroad”, and labor shortages on the 3-D jobs which means dirty, dangerous, difficult jobs (p. 145). However, Kara (2011) believes that one of the pull factors is the huge “consumer demand for lower retail prices” (p. 70) in the places of destination, which does not fit to any categories of Mishra’s pull factors. Since the traffickers could exploit the trafficked people as much as they wish to maximize profit, and lowering the prices of the victims can attract more people to “buy” or “use the service”, the traffickers are more willing to run trafficking business, which becomes a pull
Human trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three major themes that cause human trafficking: a nation’s economy, political and legal factors, and social factors that enable the continuance of human trafficking. According to previous research indications of historical influence and social hierarchy have the greatest impact on the causes of human trafficking; these topics will further be elaborated upon during the discussions of political influences and social factors that impact human trafficking.
Human trafficking is a serious global issue that needs the awareness and attention of the world. The United Nations Office for Drugs and Crimes identifies human trafficking as “an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion, or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them” (UNODC). According to the book Trafficking in People by the policy analysts Clare Ribando Seelke and Alison Siskin, this exploitation can include forced prostitution, ”forced labor and services, slavery, servitude, or the removal of organs” (Ribando Seelke and Siskin 4). Human Trafficking is a violation against fundamental human rights. But even 63 years after the United Nations Universal Declaration
Human trafficking is very inhuman and violates a persons human rights. Human trafficking can be defined as recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by threat and the use of force and other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or position of vulnerability, giving or receiving payments, benefits to achieve the consent of a person, having control over another human being, and
This research paper dives into the world of human trafficking looking into key details about the ethical implications of human trafficking as well as proposed solutions. With information such as statistics, methods of trafficking and the ending of trafficking that is found from websites from organizations that are dedicated to ending trafficking, the involvement of all countries are cited as necessary in ending this worldly crime. Information was found through University of South Florida’s library system and websites with information pertaining to their organization’s attempts at ending human trafficking. Articles utilized include Unintended Effects of United Nations Intervention, From Bush to Obama: Rethinking Sex and Religion in the U.S. Initiative to Combat Human Trafficking, Human Trafficking, and Supply and Demand: Human Trafficking in the Global Economy. In addition to these scholarly articles, websites used include the organizational websites of UNODC and UNICEF.
Human trafficking is a topic that is not discussed very often in society. Many people fail to realize that human trafficking still exists today. Human trafficking violates basic human rights. It takes away the freedom and security of men, women, and children world wide. The diversity and widespread execution of human trafficking make it difficult to regulate and prosecute.