Ethno Tourism Benefits Both Visitors as Well as Tribal Communities.

"Cannibal Tours" by Dennis O 'Rourke made me rethink my view of tourism. Whereas before I thought tourism could be a good way for people from different cultures to learn about each other, I now consider, it is necessary for tourists to show local people as they are here, to gain knowledge about villagers and give them knowledge of where tourists came from. Both parties should learn about each other culture, rather than taking pictures of what fascinates tourists the most. From “Cannibal Tours” I experienced, often we criticize another culture for being behind with technology, education and their way of thinking. For instance, in the film, it was clear that tourist and primitives had two different acts, first, an act of taking photographs of primitives, second an act of bargaining for second or third price. Tourists take a lot of advantage of weaker people and try to transform their way of life. After I watched the film, it made me think about the impact tourists have inflicted on the local people of New Guinea and their ways of life as their culture is slowly wearing away because of the invasion of tourists.

The social and cultural processes are also significantly impacted. Tourism has helped develop and keep up the unique culture of the island, it has helped revive artistic traditions, and has provided an economic justification for preserving them. But tourism has also led to importantly behavioural impacts, for example; nude sunbathing by tourist is widely disliked by the locals, as well as that lack of respect is shown by tourists in scared places such as temples. Another negative impact is the social development of Bali. There are constant conflicts between local villagers and developers who want the land for hotels and attractions like golf courses. These social impacts have led to a loss in culture and heritage. Another significant impact is the turning of Balinese culture into a commodity. The major influx of tourists has plagued Bali’s culture. Dances, ceremonies and arts and crafts are all now adapted to tourists timetables and tastes, and are mass produced to reduce cost. Also because more people are choosing to work in the tourism industry, this has meant that fewer are available doe traditional ceremonies and communal tasks, placing more pressure on traditional community organisations.

     Tourism also has its costs/down-sides. One of the social costs to the community because of tourism is that it may attract visitors whose lifestyles and ideas may conflict with the community’s (which commonly happens throughout the world, a good example of this can be seen in the settling of North America, and the effect it had on the Native Americans). Tourism could also lead to the overloading of porters which would lead to health problems. A loss of traditional values and culture is a possible outcome as well, through imitation of visitor behavior or

background affect the social structure and mode of life at the destination. Tourists are in turn affected by the experiences and often carry back home with them new habits and

This chapter reinforces schwartz argument that tourism has a tremendous impact on society. She writes of how citizens were coming up with ways that made them seemed more exotic, in order to attract more tourists. One example Schwartz writes about is the Siboney Sun Worshipers. These people claimed to be aboriginal Siboney Indians, and would performed a sun ritual that tourists highly enjoyed. Schwartz explains, that Cuba’s original Indians had been completely wiped out by diseases brought by the Spanish, and the island’s Indians never had a ritual of the sun. Her main point in this chapter is to demonstrate that when tourism becomes an important aspect of a country, everything changes. Residents along with the government soon adapt cultural aspects, trying to promote uniqness and exotism that will make them look more attractive to

Familiarity, attitudes and negative media may be contributing factors as to why domestic tourists do not participate in Indigenous tourism activities or experiences, a further challenge is that this market is largely unaware that there is an option to do so. So, strategies to grow the domestic market for Indigenous tourism should focus on increasing awareness amongst the domestic market

One of the things that the globalization of the world is often credited to is the continual mass movement of people. Globalization refers to the process of the world becoming increasingly integrated with different types of ideas, commodities, and aspects of culture. Whether globalization creates a more diverse world, or if it actually produces a flat world, as Thomas L. Friedman argues for example, is a topic of frequent debate. With the modern innovations made in regards to enhancing traveling methods, touring exotic places and other countries has become a popular industry all over the world. These cases of global tourism provide an enriched environment that involves the interaction of different cultures and generates new processes and vehicles of understanding culture.

While many problems are associated with International tourism, it can still offer some advantages. For one thing, International tourism can open job opportunities for the native citizens. To demonstrate, when tourists visit an area, the vast majority of them don’t have a clue on

Economic Context: The European and American tourists travel from village to village through the Sepik River and haggle the tribespeople for their local

Since Hawaii became a part of the U.S., it has been portrayed as an alternate reality in order to escape the problems that we face in our daily lives (Trask, 1999). This portrayal has forced the Hawaiian people to perform and exploit their culture for the benefit of the tourism industry. Some aspects of their beliefs, traditions, and practices have been promoted for the benefit of the industry and the satisfaction of tourists (Trask, 1999 & Conley, 2015). Therefore, even though it is good to learn the traditional culture in order to understand and increase our knowledge, I believe that the merge of the touristic side and the traditional side now encompass the culture of Hawaii.

Certainly, this tourist commercialisation can affect inhabitants’ culture, however it must not be expected that people automatically are incompetent to withstand these pressures whether local cultures should somehow kept fixed. Nevertheless, mass tourism changes the behaviour of the inhabitants from the coastal areas. The inhabitants adapt to the tourists behaviour due to the fact that they want to make money out of these tourists. Tourists wear different clothes, eat different food and interact differently with each other. An example is that in restaurants, Dutch, German food can be ordered. With the arrival of the first tourists in the late 1950s, bikinis were prohibited however an exception for tourists was made. The culture in an area changes slowly and finally can disappear due to tourism. Although, certain inhabitants of the coastal areas attach to the old-fashioned things, as

Since tourism is one of the largest multination economy activities (Friedman, 1994). To compete in a globe marketplace require hosts’ abilities of good responds to a culturally different tourism which is the main factor to determine positive tourism holiday experience and satisfaction (Plangmarn, Mujtaba & Pirani, 2012). Therefore, the operation of cultural events will be considered as a very efficient respond to motive visitors and event attendee experience from a culturally different environment consist of good local food and wine.

Tourism is one of the most exciting and progressive industries in the world. Tourism today is a leisure activity of the masses. People travel to international destinations to break the regular monotony of life. They are mainly attracted by either the scenic beauty of its nature or by fascinating leisure, sports and adventure activities offered by the destination. However, every destination has some internal strengths and weaknesses that either enhance its capacity to attract foreign visitors or diminish it. Similarly the external environment can create various opportunities or exposed to threats as well.

This chapter will present the studies related to growth and development of the tourism industry which is pro-poor tourism. The review of the literature for this study focuses on benefits, image-building and pro-poor tourism itself. An extensive literature review has been conducted in order to shed some light on the various sectors and concepts which may influence these phenomena called pro-poor tourism. It discussed recent trends within the pro-poor that support the growth and development of tourism. This examined the perceived benefits of tourism to the poor community and how image-building help to give poor communities some benefits.

Planning and development are both extremely important factors within the tourism industry and can have both positive and negative effects on the environment, local communities and tourist destinations. “Destination planning aims to limit the negative impacts of cultural tourism upon the history and lifestyles of the local community. An understanding of sustainable tourist development allows for the development of culture without loss of its authentic identity” (Maidment. T. 2012). This statement discusses the importance of planning to avoid having any negative impacts on environments and communities. Because the effects of tourism are so severe to destinations, many natural and cultural resources have been destroyed, therefore tourism planning is vital to preserve and maintain these places for future generations.