• Explain The Impact Of The Green Belt On Edinburgh And Its Suburban Areas

In “New Axioms for Reading the Landscape: Paying Attention to Political Economy and Social Justice,” Don Mitchell incorporates old ideas from Peirce F. Lewis’s original “Axioms for Reading the Landscape.” At the same time, Mitchell includes new ideas into his axioms. In Axiom 1, he explains that “the landscape is not produced through ‘our unwitting autobiography’ (as Lewis describes it), but as an act of (social, not individual) will” (2007, 34). He also stresses the idea that landscape should be produced as a commodity. In contrast, Neil Smith explains the main causes behind gentrification. Smith explains how gentrification happens through a process which he calls “rent gap” (1979, 545). In gentrification, the landscape is a commodity because it loses and gains monetary value through disinvestment and investment.

The last quarter of a century has seen a significant change in Dundee’s housing tenure. In 1981, less than 40% of dwelling stock was owner occupied. By 2010, this had risen to 61%. Although there has been a similar pattern of change across much of Europe, the change has been particularly dramatic in Dundee, and indeed Scotland. Mirroring changes in cultural attitudes toward home ownership, two structural factors have contributed to this shift. The introduction of the right to buy for public authority tenants in 1979 coupled with the decline of local authority new build, and the increased contribution of private sector house building.

Its population increased by 48% within few years. The expansion of cities resulted in destroying unbuilt and farm lands to further the constructions. Landowners with land interfering with “planned residential communities” were forced to give up their lands and see them destroyed. As the author states, families such as Warnes were forced to see their family lands bought and built. Even though such intact lands are rare in the area and beneficial to the population as somewhere to connect with nature, entrepreneurs prefer the economical profit. The suburbs expand and with every new family moving in the area, more cars are purchased adding to the gridlock.

Glasgow's Urban Problems and Solutions * Geog factors led to Glasgow’s importance * Decline in ship building etch, moved due to cheap labour elsewhere *

The Official Gateway to Scotland. (2014). Retrieved November 3, 2014, from Scotland web site: www.scotland.org

"Urban consolidation is the process of increasing or maintaining the density of housing in established residential areas. The ultimate aim of urban consolidation is to reduce development on the fringe areas of the city. It is often realised by densification, high-rise development and urban renewal." The process of Urban Consolidation involves an increase in the number of houses or apartments within existing areas so that they can have more efficient use of services and reduce the impact on the environment. Urban Consolidation is used as a means to reduce the total amount of land needed to house the population. Ultimately it is through the; demographics and population, changing nature of the built environment, and transport, that a study of urban consolidation in chatswood can be underaken.

How successful has the regeneration of urban areas been given the variety of ways it has been undertaken (40 marks)

There are many who suggest the solution to the decline of the suburbs is to urbanize the area by densifying and overall making the suburbs more similar to a city. Laura Vaughan argues that the development of a spatial layout similar to that of a city would help the suburbs to become more efficient socially and economically. However, this approach directly contrasts the purpose of the suburbs, which was originally meant to provide a private, quiet environment for single family homes away from loud and busy city life. In his book, “Sprawl: A Compact History,” Robert Bruegmann explains that suburbia is not a bad thing but possesses “benefits that urban planners fail to recognize” and is a natural process of the growth of urbanism. While the suburban landscape does possess much potential, those who support the continued existence of the suburbs as they exist are naive and fail to recognize the environmental, social, and economical impact that the suburbs impose. The suburbs possess many social and political issues that need to be addressed. There is no doubt that there is massive potential in the suburban

As a result, real-estate development has become a keystone of a city’s productive economy. The systematized corporate-governmental restructuring of the urban landscape is difficult to oppose since a city’s productive economy is self-justifying. When ‘urban regeneration’ creates more jobs, taxes and tourism for a city, the beneficial socio-economic outcomes are attributed to the productive economy rather than from its regulation, thus perpetuating schematized

The purpose of this paper is to address the strengths and areas of concerns and potential conflicts pertaining to the City of Fife. In this paper, I will give the relevant background information that is prudent in understanding why Fife has issues and where they began. Additionally, I will identify the developmental stage of the City, as well as, highlight some of their strengths. Moreover, I will address what I think the City is limited to and how these limitations lead to their most pressing issues. I will end this paper with my recommendations on if changes were to happen in the City of Fife what they should be.

As corporations move their inputs internally away from agglomeration economies they seek out periphery areas. Unlike inner city areas, periphery areas have inexpensive land that larger firms seek out. As larger firms grow more capital-intensive, they take interest into the land outside the city and move their jobs to the outskirts. The cycle of investment and disinvestment contributes to urban sprawl, gentrification, and brownfields. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) defines brownfields as “property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant” (“Brownfield Overview”). The product cycle of firms contribute to the disinvestment of inner city areas and investment into periphery areas. The consequences of disinvestment are abandoned properties that diminish community and property values. A solution to brownfields is seeking guidance from the U.S. EPA grants and assessments to reclaim tax incentives, jobs, and community value.

Bordered by both England and the Atlantic Sea, Scotland is home to the second largest city in the world. A major influence on Scottish culture comes from it’s nationalistic music.

Property-led regeneration involves the regeneration of an inner city area by changing the image of the area, improving the environment, attracting private investment and improving

This topic is very significant because over the past several decades, urban and neighborhood planners have strayed away from green spaces throughout their projects. Green spaces encourage interaction among citizens as well as improving the environment in the vicinity. In this divisive political climate, it is almost necessary to provide areas where families and individuals can come together and enjoy a less stressful environment.

A particular building or site distinguishes many cities. For example the Eiffel tower is the symbol for Paris and one may say Buckingham Palace is the symbol for London. This means that a city’s identity can be portrayed through its architecture and I believe that a building like the Lloyds building is not appropriate for the prestigious City of London.