Research Evaluation: ‘To what extent do familial factors contribute to the development of anxiety disorders?’
Written in the form of a biological report, the research study suggested that the extent in which familial factors contribute to the development of anxiety disorders is dependent on the experiences and health of an individual, and/or their ancestors. To determine the factors appropriate to the question, the term ‘anxiety disorder’ had to be defined, leading to the understanding that it is a consistent and excessive anxious behaviour (Anxiety Disorders, n.d.), where individuals are in a “future-oriented mood state” (cited in Craske et al., 2011). This knowledge formed the foundation for the arguments. Familial factors included behavioural epigenetics, a genetically predisposed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficiency, as well as a serotonin deficiency and FKBP5 variants, both of which are induced by childhood abuse. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits were other factors that influenced the development of anxiety disorders.
1. Evaluation of Research Processes
1.1. Online: Science articles from news/magazine websites
Science articles obtained from news and magazine websites were highly valid to my project, as they contained updated facts, findings, and hypotheses regarding the biological and neurological familial factors that may influence the development of anxiety disorders, providing insightful arguments. Overall, the science articles
Anxiety disorders is the most common psychiatric disorder characterized by unrealistic, unfounded fear, and anxiety in which perhaps possible related to the thoughts and concerns about the current or future events. Long episodic attacks of acute anxiety can cause a panic attack and eventually lead to a panic disorder. This paper examines the panic disorder and its biological foundation that relates with the disorder and symptoms.
Applying the Sociological imagination to this issue gives us a different look at this issue. Earlier sociologists have taught us that in order to fully understand an issue we need to look at the history of the people if effects. The family history of people greatly affects who this disorder plagues and who it doesn’t. Recently studies have shown that if a person is sensitive to high levels of anxiety because of a hereditary factor they are more apt for getting this disorder. This disorder has been shown to run in families. This information could be vital for a sociologist looking for answers. Thus, if a sociologist noticed that there was a large amount of people with this disorder in the same location it could be explained by looking at the family history. Looking at a genetic link would be very important in finding out why large amounts of people had this disorder in the same general location. If after looking at the people who had this disorder all shared some genetic link it would provide a good explanation to why they had this disorder. Another explanation for the disorder is cultural circumstances. Living in American can be very stressful. Many people find that life is just too overwhelming to deal with. Having this disorder may be greatly influenced by a person’s culture. Being on time is greatly stressed in American Culture today. Most people with this disorder have been found to spend
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most diagnosed mental disorders today, and can often be closely linked to concurrent symptoms or disorders including physiological, behavioral, other anxiety disorders, depression and substance abuse. (Merino, Senra & Ferreiro, 2016) (Cacioppo & Fregberg, 2013, p. 688). GAD most notably produces symptoms of excessive worry and anxiety related to non-specific risks, which often leads to functional decline both socially and professionally (Roberge et al., 2015). GAD reveals instances of links to biological origins such as heredity and biochemistry, as well as, ties to an individual’s cognitive development and socioeconomic environment (Cacioppo & Fregberg, 2013).
Alternatively Hadley (1995) puts forward the view that contrary to popular belief, anxiety actually arises out of thoughts of potential danger and not the actual danger that produces the symptoms of anxiety. In support of this view the document by Chrysalis states that “feelings of anxiety come from apprehension or fear, the source of which is not always recognisable”. Feeling anxious at certain times in our life is a normal instinctual response that serves as a protection to aid survival. It teaches us to avoid dangerous situations and in this way is a learning process however the subconscious can sometimes work overtime resulting in response to all situations that feel remotely similar to the one that has made us feel anxious in the first instance (Chrysalis 2010 1-5 pp7). This document describes how anxiety will affect our whole being, our emotions, our behaviour and our physical health. Anxiety becomes a problem when its level rises above normal and interfere with a person’s life, associated physical symptoms include, trembling, tense muscles, churning stomach, nausea, diarrhoea, headache, heart palpitations, pins and needles, sweating or flushing (Chrysalis 2010 1-5 pp7). These feelings coupled with the physical symptoms experienced make a person want
This theory creates an issue, as it only looks at nature’s impact as the root cause of phobic disorders and relishes in not accounting for environmental causes, which are posed by nurture. This aspect of nurture which is ignored can be questioned in the twin studies as although Torgersen found that identical twins who share genes are 5x more likely to share an anxiety disorder, it is unclear whether it is the nature of the genetic makeup which causes the disorder, or the nurture of the twins, as they would have both gone through the same things in their environment causing the contamination effect. This is further highlighted through the diathesis stress model formed by Di nardo et al which provides a much more
| Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the population Phobias = 9-24% Population(Hansell & Damour, 2008)
Some studies state that there is proof to a genetic link while others say if it is genetic then how did the first ancestor acquire it (Gehrman, P. etal, 2009; Is Anxiety Genetic, 2010)? Still another group simple sits on the fence and calls it multicausal referring to both genetic and environmental factors (Understanding, 2015). Reviewing the genogram of the family would leave one to believe that genetics is the main factor of depression and anxiety. As each family has gone its separate way and no two environments are the least bit similar, the high prevalence of depression and anxiety within the family points to genetic
Anxiety is a feeling of numerous of things, whether its danger or a sense of threat and even butterfly’s when becoming nervous. In Fact, anxiety disorder was discovered in the 1980s by the American Psychiatric Association. In my opinion, everybody has had a moment of anxiety, it’s a major part of life. Due to the fact, that life has a lot to do with social interaction and based on human characteristics. Many people with this disorder, feels the need to act upon something. Anxiety, helps the mind get ready or be prepared in certain situations. On the other hand, some people experience panic, fear and even nightmares. This happens when the thoughts in the mind become over whelming. This illness can also just run in the family as a genetic trait. In fact, I think anxiety is most common in women. Especially, women that are pregnant, with all the stress and feeling judged by becoming bloated with the baby and fluids. Some even go through the depression stage after the baby. At the same time, when a baby is born, some babies are frightened easy or their nerves become very
Science with all its marvels and wonders continues to press forward making extraordinary breakthroughs. Psychology plays a key role in many of sciences steps forward, each branch of psychology focusing on a specific techniques and theories. In the document the center of attention is surrounding the application of clinical psychology, this branch of psychology is unique as it all realms of an individual’s issue. Specifically speaking, anxiety is the psychological disorder that is under review through the processes of a clinical
II. (Review Main Points) We have specifically looked at the basics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, its symptoms and effects on life, and the possibilities for treatment and help. III. (Review Specific Purpose)
My first memory of experiencing anxiety was during my parents’ divorce. I was afraid of what would happen to my sisters and me. In addition to my parents’ divorce, I also started to feel anxious in school because I did not fit in with my peers due to having Asperger’s syndrome and feared that they would bully me. In fact, I ended up experiencing bullying all throughout elementary school, and it only stopped once I started high school. My major source of anxiety and stress throughout my childhood and
The difference between social anxiety disorder and other disorders is that a person is capable of enjoying themselves. This is because they are not impacted as severely physically since their fear is only stimulated in the event that they will have to be
However, offspring of parents with major depressive disorder + anxiety disorder had considerably more particular fears than children of non- ill parents. Specific fears in children with parents with only major depressive disorder were found in 26 (35%), with parents with only anxiety disorder were found in 26 (35%), with parents with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder combined were found in 51 (58%) and with normal parents (control group) were found in 25 (31%) of children. The only group that deviates significantly from the others it is the one where the children had parents with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder (MDD + AD).
Anxiety disorders are serious medical illnesses that affect approximately 19 million American adults. These disorders fill people's lives
Everyone with any mental health disorder always wonders if linkage of genetics is part of the disorder they have. People have said that risk of genetics being a factor in anxiety disorders is less likely to be a switch more than a problematic mix of genetics that can put a person at risk. Researchers have said that anxiety disorders can be due to hostile childhood experiences. Efforts to identify the specific DNA mutations to the heritability of anxiety disorders establish any independent, suspicious loci, but any genetic study for anxiety faces some obstacles also. The fine line between healthy and pathological anxiety is unclear, and the phenotypic and genetic barriers between scientific anxiety disorders