Fatty Acids

Creating Effective Teams: a Guide for Members and Leaders is a book by Wheelan (2013) designed to do as the title states; guiding members and leaders to create effective teams. Wheelan (2013) begins the book by highlighting the reasons that groups are important. Wheelan (2013) states that throughout history, “Groups have played a major role in both the survival of human beings and the development of human culture” (p. 1). The majority of the book is based on 4 stages that create a group of individuals into an effective team. The first stage is called dependency and inclusion. According to Wheelan (2013), the first stage of the group is

Overall, this group project went very well and was completed on time due to the fact there everyone including myself assigned ourselves with a task role, relational role and from the start had individual roles present such as leader, compromiser, and gatekeepers in the group that made it

In the beginning of the group assignment we faced a couple of challenges in regards to schedules for meeting times and the proper communication tool to use. After a couple of emails, one of our team members created an account using Doodle to input our availability and find the perfect time for all team members. In addition, we had to find the proper way to communicate that would be great for all team members, after email discussion, found a group chat website that we could all sign in to and save our conversations to keep track of what we agreed on.

Within the Brugge Lab, we have investigated the role of various metabolic pathways in cancer including the role of antioxidants within the tumor cell. Although antioxidants were previously believed to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide a protective benefit against cancer, clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with antioxidants actually increased prostate cancer incidence among healthy patients. I joined a postdoctoral fellow in the lab to determine whether depletion of glutathione, the major antioxidant within the cell, would put the cell in a sensitive state that made it vulnerable to inhibition of other major pathways. Through our screening effects, we discovered that triple negative breast cancer cells become exquisitely sensitive to treatment with inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes through an induction of a proteotoxic stress response. I look forward to sharing these findings with the scientific community as second author on the manuscript currently in preparation.

A study that was done by Chen et al observed that androgens like testosterone were vital in the growth and maintenance of prostate cancer. Subsequently, they gave large doses of these androgens to rodents. The other observations included the incidence of prostate cancer was very low in men who were castrated, and androgens stimulate the in vitro

Prostaspheres containing stem and undifferentiated progenitor cells were dispersed, combined with inductive urogenital sinus mesenchyme from an embryonic rat and grafted under the renal capsule of adult male nude mice [#3549]. At one month, the engrafted cells had formed normal prostate-like structures with differentiated human prostate epithelium that expressed prostate specific antigen (PSA). Once mature tissues formed, treatment of the host with elevated estradiol levels with testosterone support induced lesions in the human prostate epithelium over time, progressing from hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and high-grade PIN to adenocarcinoma at a low incidence by 4 months. To test whether BPA could influence this process, host mice were orally exposed to low doses of BPA (peak unconjugated BPA levels of ~0.4 to 1.3 ng/ml) during the first two weeks following stem-progenitor cell engraftment to recapitulate developmental exposure. The incidence of malignancy in the human prostate epithelium significantly increased from 13% in oil-exposed controls to 33-36% in tissues briefly exposed to BPA followed by 2-4 months of elevated estradiol with testosterone. This further increased to 45% cancerous lesions when the PS cells were exposed to BPA in vitro followed by 2 weeks of in vivo

When we have diseases or don’t feel well, we tend to seek treatments and try to cure it as soon as possible. However, what if there is no reliable treatment or nearly no treatment available? Then, the only option is to do research. Life can be really difficult and no one wants any sickness or diagnosed with such a hard-to-cure disease like cancer. Prostate Cancer is a known cancer that happens to men only and a lot of men in the U.S are diagnosed with it, and happens to male’s reproductive system. Specifically speaking, it is a gland found in the most private area of a man. In the following paragraphs, I will be explaining why we need to find a way to combat prostate cancer, how to detect this cancer at early stages, and the risks associated with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in men, however, a large number of newly diagnosed PCa are indolent. Patients with indolent PCa have to undergo similar treatment as aggressive PCa and suffer from cost and side effect of treatment, compromising the quality of life and potential morbidity without any benefit.

Promising results from the past decades have put conjugated linoleic acid on the market as a supplement that can help fight against the onset of different types of cancer. Due to its very potent antioxidant property, it helps boost the function of the immune system by reducing the amount of damage caused by free radicals and other potential hazards that would damage the cells.

Prostate cancer is the fifth deadliest cancer around the world and the second-leading cause of cancer related death in men. The prostate is a small gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. After researching prostate cancer many studies have discovered that the mitochondria ( double membrane-bound organelle) plays an important role in initiating and promoting cancer. The mitochondria provides cellular energy by creating adenosine triphosphate, which is used as energy for cells; also the mitochondria is involved in other duties such as cellular signaling , cellular differentiation, cell death and cell progression. The mitochondria is still functional in the mass of tumor cells; however in these cells the mitochondria

Although PA is most abundant, EA has been shown in other studies to exhibit anticarcinogenic properties such as induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as the inhabitation of tumor formation and growth particularly in animals. Studies show that consumption of phytochemical-rich diet reduces the risk of prostate cancer. With that being said, in this study there were several experiments done to show the correlation of how pomegranate in the form of POMx, PJ, PA and EA will help reduce the risk of getting prostate cancer by reducing the signaling of AR. Although studies have yet to find the mechanism of gene down regulation there have been several studies that show that the LNaCP-AR cell line is overexpressed which leads to prostate cancer. In this study the cells lines LNCaP and LNcAP-AR cell lines are closely examined. The main aim of this study is to show how pomegranate and its polyphenols can reduce the androgen receptors that are overexpressed to decrease the risk of prostate cancer and the tumor size of prostate cancer.

These cancerous prostatic cells cause the disease to worsen. And with its reaction to the male androgenic hormone testosterone the spread of these cancer cells will be hastened. Prostate cancer and hormone treatment for this disease, looks at this angle of testosterone production and the stimulating effect of testosterone on the cancerous cells.

As a whole the world is becoming more aware of how fats affect the body. Not only are lipids a key element in cell membranes, they also lead to many issues regarding health. Obesity is an ever-increasing risk factor for many diseases including type II diabetes, cardiac disease, and some forms of cancer (Kopelman 2000). As obesity transitions from little known problem into a full-blown global epidemic, it is important to understand how lipids are synthesized and regulated within the body. Lipid synthesis pathways involve a complex interaction between the endocrine system, tissues, nutrient storage and

Despite the lack of association between triglycerides and prostate cancer in the present study, experimental studies suggest that triglycerides may induce prostate cancer progression. For instance, several studies found that triglyceride-rich remnant like particles stimulated PC-3 cell proliferation by increasing activity of MAPK, MEK/ERK and/or Akt pathways, which are associated with controlling cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and lipid biosynthesis (39,40).

When doing so the other group members were active listener, by using their whole body verbally and nonverbal. Like facing the speaker and giving eye contact and try to avoided interruption. The group also acknowledges the thoughts of the speaker by giving constructive feed back. Due to the effectiveness of the group communication, we were able to build trust, respect and understand the issues and make decision for effective change. We illustrate this by coming together as a group one again to accomplish the goal we initially wanted to accomplish. Since the first organization that we had chosen was incorrect, so we had to make the necessary changes to accomplish our goals. The other effective feature is the purpose of the group. Kozier et al (2010) stated that the effective group purpose is when “goal, task, and outcomes are clarified. Understanding and modified so that members of the group can commit themselves to purposes through cooperation” (p.401). For instance, each individual was assign a task and knew what was to be accomplished. As group we all decided to meet at suitable day and time which was beneficial to all team members, because we could commit to the group and focus on what needed to be achieved.