Feasibility of the Extract from Sibukaw (Caesalpinia Sappan) Wood as Textile Dye

The concentrations and absorbances of the red and blue dyes were used to find the concentration of the purple dyes. From the graph of the blue dye, the linear equation for absorbance was y = mx + b. From that formula came the equation y = 7.915 x 104 (x) + 0.02489, where y represents absorbance, m is slope, x is concentration/molarity, and b is the constant/y-intercept. The same set up was performed for the red dye, but the equation produced was y = 1.045 x 104 (x) +.001298. The equations found when graphing absorbance vs. concentration were used to find the concentration of the purple dyes. The absorbance for purple dye 3 on the red wavelength of 470 nm equaled 0.149 and 0.818 for the blue wavelength of 635 nm. For purple dye 1

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the maximum absorbance of fast green, and the chlorophylls, also in the case of fast green create a concentration curve to determine an unknown substance. Each test will use the spectrophotometer.

After 7 trials of chromatography in a 2% isopropyl alcohol solution, blue dye #5 had an average rate of flow of .948. Red dye #40 had an average rate of flow of .781, and yellow dye #1 had an average rate of flow of .884. After 7 trials of chromatography in a 2% sodium chloride solution, blue dye #5 had an average rate of flow of .743. Red dye #40 had an average rate of flow of .20, and yellow dye #1 had an average rate of flow of .387.

But what was very interesting about these fibers, found in the Republic of Georgia, was their color. Even though there were the natural black fibers, pink, and turquoise were some other colors.

Beetroots contain Betalains which are the red pigments present in the cell vacuole. Betalains are soluble in water and they contain nitrogen. Betalains extracted from beetroot is commonly used as food dye because it is not known to cause any allergic reactions.

From a historical perspective it was intriguing to discover how dyes affected the hierarchy in the ancient world. The repeated use of dyes represented a transition in humanity from simple hunting and gathering societies; to well developed structured governments and economies where people focused less on survival and more on status. Colors in ancient times represented political, military, and social status. Without the discovery of dyes kings would be clothed just like the normal people giving them a less godly appearance and less power. Even today certain connotations exist with colors like black for evil white for good, etc... The authors include this essay to demonstrate man’s first foray into chemistry by mixing and blending dyes to create more extravagant colors to sell. The lust for colorful clothes drove vendors to create more eccentric dyes, thereby forcing them to utilize experimental chemistry to create new shades and hues. The book here focuses too much on the historical aspects. I can see the relationship but it is weak and describing the chemical make up of colors doesn’t explain why it relates to history.

Figure 2: Dye percents versus absorbance in a control, 10%, 20%, and 30% azide solutions.

1. The 1% saltwater solution was easy to create, however there was a greater amount of this solution than the alcohol. The saltwater solution worked better and had more effect on each of the colors on the strip of paper than the alcohol solution because the colors began

In the Dyes and Crimes laboratory experiment, the phosphorescence, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence properties i.e. traits of several chemicals were examined using (UV) Ultraviolet lamp. Observations on color, intensity, duration of glow, etc. were analyzed to determine the traits of the several chemicals. Correspondingly, the author of the unsigned note was determined through ink extraction, (TLC) Thin Layer Chromatography, (UV-Vis) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy along with the Rf values for of each individual sample of ink compared to the unknown: the ink of the author on the unsigned note. Phosphorescence substances

The spectrophotometer was turned on 15 min prior to the experiment. For each different intensity levels, 2 cuvettes were prepared (one for the experimental variable and one for the control variable). Also, 2 cuvettes were prepared for each different wavelength. Two blanks were prepared for the entire experiment (one for intensity, one for wavelength). The experimental cuvette for intensity consisted of 2.5 ml of 2.5 ml DCPIP, 2.0 ml water, 2.0 ml PO4 buffer, and 0.2 ml chloroplasts, a total of 6.7 ml. The control cuvette for intensity was the same as the experimental cuvette for intensity. The experimental cuvette for wavelength consisted of 2.5 ml DCPIP, 1.7 ml water, 2.0 ml PO4 buffer, and 0.5 ml chloroplasts a total of 6.7 ml. The blank cuvette intensity contained 4.5 ml of water, 2.0 ml of PO4 buffer, and 0.2 ml chloroplasts for a 6.7 ml. The wavelength blank was composed of 4.2 ml water, 2.0 ml PO4 buffer, and 0.5 ml chloroplasts for a 6.7 ml. Before starting the experiment, we set the wavelength at 600 nm, placed the blank cuvette into the spectrophotometer, and set the absorbance at zero. The laboratory was kept dark during the experiment to prevent light pollution.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the specific pigments that are found in each of the chosen plant leaves, as well as, discover the intermolecular forces present in each leaf. This is accomplished by using a technique called chromatography, which splits a mixture or solution into its different parts based on the mixtures ability to dissolve in a chosen solvent. Chromatography works by placing a strip of chromatography paper, that has a small amount of mixture on it, into a cup of the specific solvent chosen. In this experiment, one hundred percent acetone was chosen to be the solvent. Once the small amount of the mixture is aligned with the solvent, the mixture will begin to separate and rise by capillary action based on the solubility,

1. Purpose: The purpose of the experiment is to determine the formula of an unknown hydrate by following simple steps that includes finding the moles of hydrate and anhydrate and then use the mole ratio to write the formula. 2. Introduction: A hydrate is a compound that contains water with a definite mass in the form of H2O. Hydrates are often in the form of a crystal that can be heated and the water can be 'burned off' by turning it into steam.

3. Now you need to extract the dye from the solution onto the strips of yarn. To do this, place one piece of yarn into each test tube of colored solution. Heat the tubes in a boiling water bath for 8-10 minutes. You can remove the tubes from the water when the solution is milky-white and the yarn is the color of the dye, in other words, when all of the dye has been extracted from the solution.

In this paper, an artificial food dye will be made to mimic the color of Full Throttle. To determine what food dye are needed, Full Throttle will be put through a spectrometer to determine what wavelengths are absorbed. Specific wavelengths absorbed will correspond to specific colors absorbed. It was determined that yellow 5 and yellow 6 will be used to make our artificial food dye to mimic Full Throttle. Using Beer’s Law, it was determined that a concentration of 0.0000236 moles of Yellow 5 and a concentration of 0.0001494 moles of yellow 6. Using our line of best fit from the absorption graphs, it was determined

The purpose of this lab is to determine which pigments in a plant support or effect photosynthesis, based on starch production, which wavelengths of light are involved in photosynthesis, and identify plant pigments found in a plant leaf by means of paper chromatography.