Final Assignment : The Anatomies Of Pigs And Frogs

All of the incision were preformed very careful and slow. We tried not to rupture the pig, but it very difficult. The equipment that was given was handy, however, they were not comfortable in our hands. For example, the scissors were too small for our hands and the scalpel was not useful in most of the situations we encountered while dissecting. Although we did not conduct many mini experiments, we took a look at our classmates fetal pig. We watched them as they observed the fetal pig’s brain and uncovered their spinal

The dissection of fetal pigs in the laboratory is extremely important as pigs are complex organisms with an internal structure much similar to the human body. This provides students to with the opportunity to receive insight on how their bodies work. In addition, they will also be given the opportunity to learn about evolution through the dissection of a pig.

The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach. The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream. These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy.

The cat dissection is the culminating component of this course because it solidifies our knowledge of anatomy and physiology by applying it to a tangible specimen. Mammalian dissection provides an experience that two dimensional diagrams are incapable of and serves as an indicator of whether entering a profession that involves the application of anatomy and physiology is suitable for students in this course. The cat dissection builds on the previous dissections of the fetal pigs and other individual structures throughout the year by applying them to a cat that shares similar well-developed organs and muscles found in human anatomy. I found value in recognizing the similarities and differences not only between human and cat anatomies, but also

Digestion starts in mouth and it is going through several steps. Teeth which are a Mechanical digestion start tearing and crushing the food down into small pieces so that the food will smoothly run down our throat. The salivary glands are located underneath the back of our tongues and that’s what is creating our saliva. The saliva is the Chemical Digestion is helping soften the food in the mouth so it is easy to swallow. Also saliva is the first out of several chemicals that is breaking the food into smaller bits. The tongue is the muscle that works with the food and saliva to form something similar to balls that can be swallowed. Also tongue contains taste buds so that we know if the food is salt, sweet, sour or bitter. Esophangus is a simple transportation tube that is joining the throat with stomach. When swallowing we are closing a trap door in our throats called the epiglottis. By closing this trap we are preventing the food prom going to trachea and into our lungs. Also Food moves down the esophangus using muscles not gravity. Stomach is the first stop after the Esophangus. When the food gets into stomach the stomach uses chemicals to try to make the food smaller. These chemicals are called gastric juices and they include hydrochloric acid and enzymes. (Enzymes are

First of all, the human body, crayfish, earthworm, and frog all have many similarities and differenced about how their digestive system works. They all eat their food through their mouths and the food then travels into the esophagus. The esophagus prepares the food for further digestion. The food in the esophagus then travels in the frog, crayfish, and human body’s stomach. The earthworm doesn’t have a stomach, but it has a crop that serves as a storage stomach. Once the food is in the stomach, something different happens for each organism. The food in the crayfish travels to the digestive gland which produces digestive substances and from which the absorption of nutrients occurs. The same thing occurs in a frog and the human body, but instead of a digestive gland it is moved into a small intestine. In the earthworm, the food goes from the stomach to the gizzard, which uses stones that the earthworm eats to grind the food completely. After it is moved into the digestive gland, small intestine, or gizzard, the food is mostly digested. The earthworm and human body’s food is now moved into the larger intestine, where it absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The frogs food is stored in something like a large intestine, but it is called the gallbladder. The crayfish only has on intestine. After going through all this, the undigested material leaves through the anus, or for a frog, it is called the cloaca.

The fetal pig dissection was helpful for one to understand the body and all of the body’s functions. The procedures helped the students precisely do the dissection correctly. The questions that were assigned helped the students have a deeper understanding of the pig’s body. This dissection also helped the students become familiar with some of the organs in the body like the liver, heart, and intestines. All in all, this dissection was helpful in learning all about the body.

The worm, crayfish, and the frog have many of the same distinct features as well as some that are not. Throughout the dissection days, i’ve observed many things that relate to the human body system like the digestive system, respiratory, reproduction, etc. But, there are also many things that don’t match with one another. There are many things I can talk about the similarities and differences between all these animals to the human system, but i'll keep this short so it won’t be a whole 7 page essay. I will be talking about mostly about the similar and differences to each one that is compared to the human body system or mostly compared to one another.

Initially when seeing the fetal pigs, I was completely disgusted and figured I could not even look at them in the sink, let alone look at them when they are dissected. As my group pinned down the fetal pig and tied it’s limbs out of the way, I began to get more comfortable with the fact. As the dissection progressed, through observing the mouth and the thoracic cavity on the first day and the abdominal cavity on the second day, I became less grossed out. Observing the organs was interesting and I felt like it was a useful representation of what human organs are like, since it would not be ethical to use an actual human to dissect. I learned the difficulties that surgeons have to endure when performing a surgery. I can only imagine the high-pressure

The process of digestion first begins in the mouth by in taking food (bolus). The teeth help with masticating (chewing and breaking food particles down) allowing for swallowing and increasing surface area for chemical digestion. Enzymes found in saliva also facilitates with the chemical break down of food primarily starches and fats. The food swallowed then enters into the esophagus (a tube connecting the mouth and stomach). Peristalsis helps the esophagus to push the food in the direction of the stomach. The stomach contents are highly acidic (doesn’t affect the stomach mucosa since cells secrete mucus allowing the stomach wall to be protected) with pH levels between 1.5-2.5 allowing microorganisms to be killed, breaking down of food, and activating digestive enzymes producing a thick substance known as chyme. However, breaking down of foods further occurs in the small intestine consisting of: bile created from the liver, enzymes formed from the small intestine, and the pancreas facilitate with further digestion as well as HCI denatures (unfolds proteins) allowing them to be available to attack by digestive enzymes (also responsible in breaking down the protein). The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the small intestine allowing the chime to drop into the small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site for

The digestive systems of whales consist of an esophagus, a compartmentalized stomach and an intestine. They swallow their prey rather than chew it. The prey is passes into the esophagus, where it is pushed toward the expandable stomach. The food then reaches the rumen, the first stomach compartment. Pre-digested food is stored in the rumen. In this compartment the food is break down by peristalsis which is the mechanical muscular movements. Then food is directed toward the cardiac stomach, where hydrochloric acid and pepsin is produced by glands to digest the food. The food then enters the last stomach compartment, the pylorus. The latter is characterized by the presence of numerous mucous glands that facilitate

Over the course of twenty-eight days, our criminal justice class performed an experiment that contained stillborn and natural death piglets. Thirteen piglets were put into certain scenarios such as: piglets hung in the air with and without clothes, on cement with and without clothes, in the grass with and without clothes, buried underneath dirt with and without clothes, burned with a torch, knife wound, bullet wound, and buried in a box with and without clothes. Over the course of this month, our group recorded on a daily basis the differences that occurred. To our amazement, we were able to find startling evidence as to how these piglets decomposed and the science matters behind it.

In this dissections students learned a variety of things about how the human body works from how frog bodies work, and how frogs are evolutionarily similar to different animals due to fact that there are similar traits and organs. The grass frog is actually much similar to the human body, as well as, chicken’s internal and external anatomy. The students saw that other different frogs in other groups were very ill, and their organs looked horrible. This was probably due to pollution in these frogs’ environment. What these students did not understand was how their frog was much more healthier than all of the other frogs. If it was pollution that affected these frogs, it would affect all the frogs one way or another. There can be one solution

The digestive system is very important in digesting food and breaking it down so it can be digested easily. The digestive system turns food into energy. Throughout the process there are nutrients which are absorbed. There are many things that contributed to the digestive system such as the mouth which produces saliva which helps to break down food and nutrients such as carbohydrates with the help of an enzyme called amylase. The major food groups which are called macro nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins and fats. All of these nutrients play an important role in the body. There are also many micro-nutrients which include vitamins and minerals which provide the body with health and well-being. The digestive system is made up of the mouth, which includes the teeth (the teeth are used to cut and grind food into smaller pieces, they contain blood vessels and nerves), tongue (the tongue is a muscle that has a rough surface including the taste buds), salvia glands (they produce salvia which moistens the food to make is easier to digest), the pharynx (this helps the food travel to the stomach, the pharynx also plays an important role in the respiratory system. It also contains 2 different flaps to separate the 2 functions), esophagus (this connects the pharynx to the stomach and transports chewed food to the stomach), stomach (this is a muscle that is

The Rana pipien is a frog more commonly known by the name Northern Leopard Frog. They are characterized by dark spots on their dorsal side and dorsolateral folds and considered medium sized. This strong jumper is difficult to catch during the day. It emits startling “warning screams” when jumping into the water and when grabbed. The frog may also release urine to discourage potential predator and reduce weight for jumping. The Rana pipien eats a variety of invertebrates. During winter, they often spend it under under submerged logs or rocks in small streams or marshes where large numbers may congregate.