Formulation And Evaluation Of Bi Layer Matrix Tablets

In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.

Azithromycin (Zithromax) 500 mg IVPB q24h for~ 2 days then 500 mg PO for~ 7 days

The majority of medicines are formulated for oral administration. This means they are taken via the mouth, in the form of a tablet, capsule, liquid or suspension. These medicines come in a variety of

Antibiotics:- antibiotics are medication which destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria, they are used to treat infections which are caused by bacteria. Most of the time the body’s immune system can fight off bacteria but in cases in which the body cannot antibiotics are used to destroy them. Antibiotics are either given orally, applied to the skin in ointment form or injected, this all depends on the type of infection the body is currently trying to fight off, for example skin infections are treated with ointment, oral antibiotics are used to fight of moderate infections and injective antibiotics are most commonly used in

Oral - medicines can be given orally in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids or powders.

Manufacturing theophylline formulations come with challenges for both the anhydrous and hydrate. For the anhydrous form, a study showed that the wet granulation of theophylline anhydrous in conjunction with microcrystalline cellulose, led to the formation of the monohydrate form of the drug. This is significant because the monohydrate has slower dissolution than the anhydrous form of theophylline. Thus the method of manufacture is highly important as the study showed directly compressed pellets had better dissolution profiles. Also it shows the importance of the choice of excipients as pellets manufactured via wet granulation in the absence of microcrystalline cellulose showed similar release to that of directly anhydrous theophylline.

According to Epocrates, the drug of choice would be amoxicillin (Amoxil), which is in the penicillin family. If failed treatment occurs, a higher dosage of amoxicillin should be prescribed or the drug should be changed to amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin). This should be tried before changing to a different drug class (Epocrates, 2014).

using Aleve Liquid-gels because the naproxen sodium inside the liquid-gels may cause problems in unborn child and/or during birth. Aleve Liquid-gels should be kept out of the reach of children and should be taken with a full glass of water. Adult consumers and children over 12 can take one capsule every eight to twelve hours. Two capsules can be taken within the first hour but three capsules should not be taken within a 24 hour period. Inactive ingredients in Aleve Liquid-gels consist of FD&C blue #1, gelatin, glycerin, lactic acid, mannitol, pharmaceutical ink, polyethylene glycol, purified water, sorbitan, and sorbitol.

In 2008, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Moxatag, a once daily extended release formulation of amoxicillin, for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. The clinical study results indicated that Moxatag was as safe and effective as penicillin V, the first drug of choice for the treatment of pharyngitis (Infectious Disease Society of America, 2013). Moxatag is the only once daily medication FDA approved for the treatment of pharyngitis. The manufacturer claims that once daily dosing will improve compliance, thus improving patient outcomes. Moxatag is very expensive relative to immediate release penicillin. Price comparisons found a difference of 144 dollars between Moxatag and the next equivalent medication. There are equivalent alternative medications, although these medications have their own drawbacks, being off label, intramuscular injectable or increased doses per day. Also, on August 25, 2014 it was announced that a generic for Moxatag is being produced (Fera, 2014), which will introduce a lower cost once daily alternative. Once this medication is introduced, it may offer a better option than the current alternatives to Moxatag. For the time being, however, I believe that with good prescribing practices, these current alternatives are effective and significantly less expensive, which make Moxatag unnecessary to prescribe.

The hypothesis was formed under the thought that the fastest dissolving pill would be the most effective because the sooner the ingredients and materials were realized, the sooner they would be able to attack and neutralize the pain, therefore getting the job done quicker or more efficiently. The hypothesis was not supported because, overall, the first two pills to dissolve were both children’s pain killers and were “junior strength”. Therefore, these medicines could not have been the most effective because the strength is significantly weakened to accommodate to young kids, and would not be as effective as normal strength medicines. In order to accurately determine the time taken for the pills to dissolve inside the body, it is very important to create a solution similar to stomach acid. Stomach acid was simulated by heating vinegar, which has the same ph level of stomach acid and shares other similarities in makeup and properties. The vinegar was heated to 36.7 degrees Celsius and constantly stirred to represent the temperature and motion of stomach acid. Eight different pills were timed to see how fast they dissolved. Each type of pill was tested three times in order to find an average for each medicine. The pills tested were Advil, Children’s Advil Grape Flavored, Ibuprofen, Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Tylenol, Tylenol Liquid Gels, Aleve, and Aleve Liquid Gels. The children's strength pills were the first two medicines to dissolve. Aleve was the slowest to dissolve and took almost two hours to dissolve. The liquid gel capsules were the second and third slowest pills to dissolve. In order, from fastest to slowest to dissolve, the medicines were Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Children’s Advil

Chemical antimicrobial agents are chemical compounds capable of either inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or killing them outright. Those which are taken internally to alleviate the symptoms of or promote healing from disease are called chemotherapeutic drugs, and among these is a class of compounds called antibiotics. In order for a chemotherapeutic drug to be classed as an antibiotic, it must be produced by a microorganism such as bacterium or fungus or at least derived from a chemical produced by one. It must also be capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms and of doing so when taken in very small quantities.

Poop pills help cure gut infections about 14,000 people die from this infection. The gut infection causes nausea, cramping, and diarrhea. This disease can kill C-diff but it also destroys good bacteria that you need in your body that lives in your gut. Doctors have tried by giving the stool through pumping enemas pumping it into the colon in a liquid form but this treatment doesn't always help. This is processed in the lab to take out food and extract the bacteria and clean out. This is packed into gel capsules that are triple coated to prevent them from dissolving before they reach the

Niosomally encapsulated diclofenac sodium exhibits greater anti-inflammation activity as compared to free drug. Niosomal formulation of flurbiprofen and nimesulide also showed greater anti-inflammation activity compared to unentrapped drug (9).

Generally, it is used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and ear, lung, skin, and urinary tract infections. Ampicillin comes in three forms: capsule, liquid, and pediatric drops. Capsules should be kept at room temperature and not stored in bathrooms to avoid excessive heat and moisture. Ampicillin and penicillin are both beta-lactamase agents. This means they affect the formation of the bacterial cell wall, specifically the final step: binary fission. Ampicillin is different from penicillin because of an amino group. This amino group allows ampicillin to also be effective on gram-negative cell

www.merck.comSixty years ago, the first package of brown powder called Penicillin left the Merck Lab for a