Functional Bowel Disease

The gut microbiome supplies the human host with metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded by its own genome (Khan et al., 2014). Because host metabolism is effectively regulated by the amalgamation of host and microbial genes (Khan et al., 2014), we should expect the gut microbiota to play a fundamental role in the health of its host. A compendium of research evidence demonstrates a compelling link between obesity and gut microbial composition. The connection between obesity and the gut microbiota is illustrated in the effects of diet on microbial diversity, the association of host genotype with microbial plasticity, the correlation of microbial diversity and metabolic disease, and the modulation of host metabolism by gut

The sheer diversity of the microbiota means that bodily disorders associated with the gut region (encompassing the stomach and intestines) are difficult to diagnose, and even harder to find the source of the disorder. Intestinal Bowel Disease (IBD) is a large category of bodily disorders associated with the gut. IBD most commonly manifests itself in two forms – Crohn’s Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis [1]. Crohn’s disease is arguably a more severe form of the disease, as the diseased tissue tends to go deeper into the intestines. Ulcerative Colitis, while still very detrimental and pain causing, causes inflammation of tissue at more of the surface level. The diseases affects a significant portion of the population, with a high rate of new cases discovered - between 20,000 and 100,000 people are diagnosed with types of IBD annually in North America [1]. The role of the microbiota in inducing intestinal diseases has been suspected.

There are major effects in the United States and Europe to help identify the role of microbial communities in the human body. The colon requires a balance of microbial agents that assist with various functions of the body. An imbalance can lead to C.diff., irritable bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), neurological disorders, and obesity just to list a few. Many of these problems have grown to an epidemic proportion. Both the United States and Europe have started projects aimed at the microbial communities of the body and their roles in our health.

Unique microbiota could suggest a human’s current health or if there is any forthcoming chronic disease (Ley, 2006). Families with shared healthy microbes may be able to help relatives who suffer from gastrointestinal disease; but the extant to which the microbiome is shared across generations is not readily known and more research is needed. The core trends for current research revolve around control of obesity, treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s, and hormonal manipulation in cases of depression. It is imperative to learn to eat for optimal health, to evolve along with the commensals (Turner et al., 2013) as human diets influence diversity of microbes present (Ley et al., 2008). This is a relatively new field with exciting prospects of positive outcomes for some of society’s more chronic

This review will explain Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis, two types of inflammatory bowel disease that affect millions of people. These diseases are chronic that affects certain parts of the intestine gastrointestinal tract. People who has this disease are troubled with a variety of side effects that they will have to live with for the rest of their lives. To this day, there are no medical cure for these diseases, however there are several treatment options that are helpful. These diseases are still being studied for researchers to fully understand the causes, possible preventions, and cure for IBDs. Countless researches and studies are still under development, there have been many discoveries thus far, but nothing concrete.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease, also known as IBD, is comprised of two major disorders: Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis (UC). Both conditions are characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Although Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis share similarities in symptoms, treatment, and prevention there are also distinct characteristics between the diseases.

Crohn’s disease (CD) involves the entire alimentary tract and is characterized by focal exacerbations, with intermittent activity throughout the patient’s life. The etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) remains largely unexplained, but there have been major advances in recent years concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal inflammation. There is a multifactorial character of the disease, in which a genetic predisposition, the external environment, intestinal microbial flora, and the immune system are all involved. Systemic symptoms include unexplained fever, weight loss, and extraintestinal symptoms such as arthralgias and perianal abscess. Delays by the patient in seeking medical help and by the physician to identify the disease

To conclude, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), that affects 5-15% of the world inhabitants, is a gastrointestinal indisposition which impacts the bowel function. IBS is universal, but more prevalent in women than men. The definite origin of IBS has not been labeled, but researchers have concluded that it is a blend of bad dieting, hormones,

Crohn’s Disease is an intestinal disease first discovered by and named after Dr. Burrill B. Crohn, “who first described the disease in 1932 along with colleagues Dr. Leon Ginzburg and Dr. Gordon D. Oppenheimer.” (Foundation, 2015) Konkel (2015) refers to this disease as belonging “to a group of conditions called inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)” (Konkel, 2015) CD is

Research was conducted comparing the intestinal bacteria of obese and thin people, which showed that microbes in the thin individuals intestines where much more diverse than that of an obese individuals. Studies showed that thin individuals

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be defined as the chronic condition (it is persistent/ long-standing disease) resulting from inappropriate mucosal immune activation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can start at any age. However, it is frequently seen among teenagers And also among young adults in their early twenties, both genders can be affected by this disease. There are two conditions that traditionally comprise inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Ulcerative colitis and crohns disease. Comparison between Ulcerative colitis and crohns disease are clinically useful, because distinguishing between the two conditions allow specialists to choose the right management way. Comparison between Ulcerative colitis and crohns disease are

The immune system is a complex network of innate and adaptive compartments that work together in order to protect and fight against pathogenic invaders. The immune system also acts as a regulator of host homeostasis in order to ensure that the body is operating under optimal conditions. The composition of microbiota is associated with the adaptive and innate immune systems, which work together in order to maintain a constant relationship between the increasingly different microbiota and pathogens found within our body.

Human gut Microbiome: An in-depth look into the benefits and drawbacks of the unicellular organisms that live inside us.

Nowadays there are a large number of investigations related to the microbiota and health not only of the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system but also the nervous system and mental health. Likewise, changes in the microbiota are implicated in the increasing tendency for a broad range of inflammatory diseases such as allergic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and the presence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) for instance, cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. Studies have suggested strategies that would regulate the intestinal microbiota for reducing the risk of such diseases,

The term Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a general name given to a few disorders that all fall under the category of inflamed intestines (they become red and swollen.) This is usually due to a reaction the body causes against its own intestinal tissue. The two most common types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease are Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD). Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract; however, it more commonly affects the small intestine or colon.