The matter of protecting human health, plant and animal life is not only mentioned in the GATT but also in TBT agreement (Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade), which states in Artilce 2.2 that: “Members shall ensure that technical regulations are not prepared, adopted or applied with a view to or with the effect of creating unnecessary obstacles to international trade. For this purpose, technical regulations shall not be more trade-restrictive than necessary to fulfil a legitimate objective, … Such legitimate objectives are, …; protection of human health or safety, animal or plant life or health, …” The fact that many countries, including US, Canada, …, have recognized turtles as an endangered species and must be protected; the …show more content…
And for that reason, the EU impose a ban for the sake of precaution. However, to impose an SPS measure, members must present a solid ground based on international standard, guidelines or recommendation, as provided by Article 2 of the SPS Agreement: “Members shall base their ... measures on international standards, guidelines or recommendations, where they exist, except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement ...” Moreover, in para 2, “...measures which conform to international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall be deemed to be necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and presumed to be consistent with the relevant provisions of this Agreement...” And to assess whether a product is a risk or not, the assessment procedures needed to take place as required in Article 5 of the SPS: “an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health, taking into account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations ....”. For instance, the Appellate body of WTO in the EC Beef Hormones case has held on risk assessment that: - The risk must be proven, not theoretical - Assessment may go beyond controlled scientific conditions to take account of real risks - It must be based on a specific type of risk, not a general risk of harm - Members do not have to rely on their own assessments if there is one carried out by another
Section 1: Question 1 – The society of Gattaca works to repress rather than to enhance the potential of human beings. Discuss.
The purpose of risk assessment is not to remove risks, but to take reasonable steps to reduce them. The process involves looking at the risk, and considering what can be done to make it less likely that the risk will develop into a reality. This can be done through implementing policies and codes of practice, acting in individual’s best interests, fostering culture of openness and support being consistent, maintaining professional boundaries and following systems for raising concerns.
Before deciding to fully adopt IFRSS, in 1996, the AASB issued Policy Statement 6 International Harmonization Policy with objective to ‘pursue the
Risk assessments can help address dilemmas between rights and health and safety concerns by helping reduce any risks created by undergoing certain tasks, risks assessments are not in place to prevent an individual doing things that they want to do, they are in place to concentrate on the risk factors and to look at any other ways to reduce the risk of the task in hand.
The story of Vincent shows in Gattaca that there is possibility of beating the genetic engineering system. Vincent is one of the last naturally born babies born into a sterile, genetically enhanced world, where life expectancy and disease likelihood are ascertained at birth. Myopic and due to die at 30, he has no chance of a career in a society that now discriminates against your genes, instead of your gender, race or religion. Vincent an invalid, dreams of working within Gattaca and making it into space. He combines with Jerome who was disabled in an accident to take his identity and live his life to enter the Gattaca Corporation. Vincent is selected for his lifelong desire, a manned mission to Titan.
It is important to assess health and safety risks in order to reduce or eliminate them. Risk assessments are vitally important in order to protect the health and safety of both you and the individual’s you support. You should always check that a risk assessment has been carried out before you undertake any task in order for you to follow the steps identified and reduce any risk posed. There are many regulations that require risks
All risks should be identified on a risk assessment so they can be monitored and review
Risk assessments are used to identify potential harm to an individual or persons. This identifies the possibility of a hazards and helps to reduce the possibility of harm, they are put in place to safeguard individuals. Risk assessments are reviewed and can be added to or changed if necessary
Gattaca is a science-fiction thriller movie, directed by Andrew Niccol. It presents a story of the future prospect of genetic engineering and how it will affect human society. Gattaca gives one perspective of how the future of discrimination is no longer determined by social status or the colour of skin because the discrimination is now down to a science, Vincent: "I belonged to a new underclass, no longer determined by social status or the colour of your skin. No, we now have discrimination down to a science." The better the genes in your body are the better job you will get. In the future world, like presented
Sea turtles have been a big help in maintaining the health of the world's ocean for more than 100 million years. They help by keeping up coral reefs all the way to transporting nutrients to beaches. Major changes have occurred in oceans everywhere due to the decline of the sea turtle population. Oceans are unhealthy because of this. It is time for us to protect the sea turtles and rebuild their population to ensure healthy oceans in the future. According to oceana.org, there are seven species of sea turtles that roam the world, six of which inhabit U.S. waters, and have been listed as either endangered, or threatened. Up until now, all six of these species are not at a healthy level despite protection measures from the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Some populations even continue to decline. Even at a diminished population, sea turtles play an important role in ecosystems. They are also extremely important to humans because they keep oceans healthy, and we use the ocean as a food source. They keep up the health of the ocean in many different ways, all of which, are very important.
Leatherback turtles are listed as endangered on the species at risk list in canada and are on the endangered species list in the united states. This is because there is only an estimated 34,000-36,000 female leatherback turtle in the world (male population can’t be known because they stay underwater at all times.) WHat is causing this is egg collection, fishing/netting, and human activity on beaches/ human pollution.
Lastly, Headland will have an impact. But given they are following the special purpose regime, they can choose to not adopt these standards.
Among the measures contained in the GATT agreement that may represent a problem for the application of precautionary measures is the definition of a ‘like product’[14] and the ostensible product regulation the WTO has employed for products.[15] If the WTO decides to take this approach under GATT to GMOs, it will be largely impossible to sustain bans on these products. The precautionary principle as well may not survive scrutiny from the WTO since it would need to show sufficient scientific evidence that health
However, the modern international regime does not prevail over states’ rights to regulate (Jung, 2013). In fact, WTO does not impose Member States to adopt precisely same policies and leaves enough space for domestic regulation (Jung, 2013). Adlung (2010) emphasizes that every single rule at the WTO is being agreed by consensus and support of all Member States. Therefore, sufficient scope for states’ sovereignty in domestic regulations is preserved, thus, national governments are able to decide to what extent they wish to liberalize their service sector and open frontiers for trade (Suave, 2002; Chanda, 2002).