Gene Duplication

Cin1 exists as Cin1-S (short-form) and Cin1-L (long-form) isoforms as a result of alternative splicing of intron #6. Cin1-S differs from Cin1-L by lacking the C-terminal RhoGEF (DH)-PH domain. We previously generated a CIN1-S mutant strain by replacing the C-terminus with an NAT marker gene. Significantly, we have found that Cin1-S confers a survival advantage over WT in the mouse brain via co-infection. Further investigation will include constructing a mutant expressing the long isoform Cin1-L. We have generated a partial CIN1-L point-mutation allele linked to G418 resistance, but have yet to obtain the Cin1-L mutant through the conventional gene replacement method. Recently, we have developed a one-step CRISPR-CAS9 technique for mutagenesis in Cn. In this aim, we will generate the Cin1-L mutant, characterize its function, and perform co-infection assays. Moreover, we will perform dual RNA-Seq to profile whether there is differential gene expression in infection by Cin1-S and Cin1-L in order to address the mechanism associated with Cin1-S CNS survival

In this investigation pUC19 plasmids were used as the vector due to its small size of 2686bp, high uptake efficiency by the host and fast replication time. Important features of this plasmid include the origin of replication and multiple cloning sites (MCS). The origin of replication allows the plasmid to replicate inside the host bacterium. The MCS is located within the lacZ gene and contains unique sites for the Xbal & EcoRI restirction enzymes to cut and produce sticky ends for the CIH-1 gene to bind to. Furthermore, the pUC19 plasmid also contains an ampiccilin resistance gene so only transforemed E.coli are able to remain viable when spread on the agar plates that also has the addition of ampiccilin. The lacZ gene encodes the β-galactosidase enzyme which aids in indentifying the recombinant E.coli from the non recombinant cells (Coventry University 2016).

In your own words, explain what the “remixing” function of sleep is and why it is important?

Finally it was found that a total of 62.1 % to about a 74.7% of the human genome was covered by either proceed or by the help of primary transcript.

Dr. Jin Billy Lee is a professor of Genetics with a particular interest not in the DNA genome, but in RNA variation and its phenotypic effects. He is especially interested in the phenomenon of post-transcriptional RNA editing and its function. RNA editing has been demonstrated to be necessary for proper development and function, but its role is not well understood.

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a project designed to compare and contrast the repertoire of RNAs produced by the human cells and cross verify with other methods like NGS. After a five year start-up since the beginning of the ENCODE project just 1% of the human genome has been observed and what was achieved was just the confirmation of the results of previous studies.

The products of alternative splicing are transcribed from the same gene and have the same mRNA template. They differ in which exons are kept and spliced, and they will be translated into different proteins.

They were alike in how they looked. They both laugh the same. They also look like they are the same size and height. They also like fashion and hanging out with each other. Even Sam said that most of it is nature that is causing this, so that's why I'm going to go on the nature side. I think growing up in different parenting isn't what changes how you see things. I think DNA is the main deal of why people act the way they do. They both grew up with different parents, but they still like the same things, and they both react to the same thing. I think all of this is caused by DNA because DNA is something you can't change. If you are an identical twin, then you can tell what your other twin is feeling like. That is why they have the same

While it may be regarded as a common language shared between nearly all organisms, the genetic code is imperative for the interpretation of genes and the production of proteins. In addition to this, it precisely guides how the genome is put together via a series of fundamental and biochemical constraints. This has allowed the code to be fairly refractory to change and enables it to shape how mutations that arise affect the evolution of the genome.

From personality traits to promiscuous, or genes dictate how we look, how we live, how long we live, and how we behave in some instances. Additional vocabulary was incorporated into our bio-nebula of terms and definitions. We learned that DNA is a nucleic acid, a macromolecule that stores information, consisting of individual units called nucleotides, which consist of sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base. We identified the building blocks of the double helix, twisted ladder-like structure. We also learned that onions, salamanders and amoebas have significantly larger amounts of DNA in every cell. Transcription copies the code into mRNA. tRNA hold the code to interpret the mRNA code, into protein language. The Codon Table added about 20 new terms. Gene regulation, promoters, operators, regulatory genes, things are controlled in such a small

Cloning, an ethical issue that has been pressed across the globe, has become a substantial debate throughout a majority of nations. The incorporation of a new type of reproduction in the United States has a plentiful amount of benefits for certain animals and objects, but duplicates of humans is hard to comprehend for many people across America. Currently, cloning is an interesting topic that could become a new way to improve reproduction of animals and humans, prevent diseases, and increase the overall health of Americans.

The idea of cloning has been around for decades, and some scientist have even utilized this process. In the story Brave New World by Aldous Huxley the author presents the process of cloning by using hatcheries instead of natural reproduction, which no longer exists, to create individuals. Individuals in society are given different doses of lethal drugs to alter development so that they meet the standards based on their pre-determined social classes. The concept of cloning is used to propagate another organism or cell to create an exact copy of its original without the use of natural reproduction. This process has been very successful with the cloning of animals, cells, and even a recent human experiment. In the case of cloning, the power of

The quantity of each product is then analyzed using qRT-PCR and the brains characterized to see if adding these genes has rescued the function of ADCK3 in the RNAi fly line

The copycat phenomenon is something that has been a major issue for quite some time. Dictionary.com defines copycat as, “a person or thing that copies, imitates, mimics, or follows the lead of another, as a child who says or does exactly the same as another child.” As it pertains to the phenomenon, anytime a certain crime is committed, the more that it is advertised, the more likely it will continue to happen and at a higher rate than before. In this paper, we will talk about the different events that have happened and that have been said to have been a product of the copycat phenomenon. Different types of the copycat phenomenon include: celebrity suicides, terrorism, and all sorts of crimes.

One of the fundamental discoveries of the 20th century was that DNA was the genetic code’s physical structure (Watson & Crick, 1953) and, since then, many studies have disclosed the complicated pattern of regulation and expression of genes, which involve RNA synthesis and its subsequent translation into proteins.